-ь

Russian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic -ь (-ĭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ь

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʲ]

Suffix

-ь • (-ʹ) f

  1. (forms nouns denoting objects or (usually) abstract concepts from verbs, or occasionally from adjectives)
    связа́ть (svjazátʹ, “to tie, to bind”) → связь (svjazʹ, “tie, bond”)
    -речь (-rečʹ, “to speak”) (root рек- (rek-)) → речь (rečʹ, “speech”)
    записа́ть (zapisátʹ, “to write down”) → за́пись (zápisʹ, “writing down, record”)
    накипе́ть (nakipétʹ, “to form a scum”) → на́кипь (nákipʹ, “scum”)
    но́вый (nóvyj, “new”) → новь (novʹ, “novelty; virgin, unplowed land”)
    зелёный (zeljónyj, “green”) → зе́лень (zélenʹ, “greenery, verdure”)
    высо́кий (vysókij, “high”) (root выс- (vys-), cf. comparative вы́ше (výše)) → высь (vysʹ, “height(s), high place”)

Usage notes

  • In multisyllabic words, the stress retracts onto the first syllable.
  • Velars turn into palatals as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as expected with what was originally a front vowel.

Declension

Declension of -ь (inan fem-form 3rd-decl accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative -ь
-ʹ		 -и
-i
genitive -и
-i		 -ей
-ej
dative -и
-i		 -ям
-jam
accusative -ь
-ʹ		 -и
-i
instrumental -ью
-ʹju		 -ями
-jami
prepositional -и
-i		 -ях
-jax

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_words_suffixed_with_-%D1%8C'>Russian words suffixed with -ь</a>
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