躓く

Japanese

Kanji in this term
躓
つまず Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology

/tumaduku/ → /tumazuku/. Compound of 爪 (tsuma, “toe”) and 突く (tsuku, “hit”), which voices due to rendaku.

Verb

躓く (godan conjugation, hiragana つまずく, rōmaji tsumazuku, historical hiragana つまづく)

to stumble or trip
to fail partway through
Synonyms: 蹉跌する, 挫折する

Conjugation

Conjugation of "躓く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	躓か	つまずか	tsumazuka
Continuative (連用形)	躓き	つまずき	tsumazuki
Terminal (終止形)	躓く	つまずく	tsumazuku
Attributive (連体形)	躓く	つまずく	tsumazuku
Hypothetical (仮定形)	躓け	つまずけ	tsumazuke
Imperative (命令形)	躓け	つまずけ	tsumazuke
Key constructions
Passive	躓かれる	つまずかれる	tsumazukareru
Causative	躓かせる躓かす	つまずかせるつまずかす	tsumazukaseru tsumazukasu
Potential	躓ける	つまずける	tsumazukeru
Volitional	躓こう	つまずこう	tsumazukō
Negative	躓かない	つまずかない	tsumazukanai
Negative continuative	躓かず	つまずかず	tsumazukazu
Formal	躓きます	つまずきます	tsumazukimasu
Perfective	躓いた	つまずいた	tsumazuita
Conjunctive	躓いて	つまずいて	tsumazuite
Hypothetical conditional	躓けば	つまずけば	tsumazukeba

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