親切

See also: 亲切

Chinese

		dear; intimate; parent dear; intimate; parent; relation; closely related; parents-in-law of one's offspring	close to; to cut; to slice
trad. (親切)		親	切
simp. (亲切)		亲	切

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīnqiè

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣㄑㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): can¹ cit³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn-chhiet
Min Nan (POJ): chhin-chhiat

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qīnqiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣㄑㄧㄝˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinchieh
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: can¹ cit³
  - Yale: chān chit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsan¹ tsit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: cen¹ qid³
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-chhiet
  - Hakka Romanization System: qin´ qied`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ qiad⁵
  - IPA: /t͡ɕʰin²⁴ t͡ɕʰi̯et̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-chhiat
  - Tâi-lô: tshin-tshiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chinchiad
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²/

Adjective

親切

close (to someone); dear (to someone's heart); near and dear
kind; cordial; amiable

Derived terms

倍感親切／倍感亲切

親切感／亲切感

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (親切):

Japanese: 親切 (しんせつ) (shinsetsu)
Korean: 친절 (親切, chinjeol)
Vietnamese: thân thiết (親切)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
親	切
しん Grade: 2	せつ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative forms

(obsolete) 深切

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 親切 (tshin tshet, literally “blood relative + close”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) しんせつ [shíꜜǹsètsù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- (Tokyo) しんせつ [shìńsétsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ɕĩɰ̃se̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Adjective

親切 (-na inflection, hiragana しんせつ, rōmaji shinsetsu)

kind, helpful, friendly, obliging

Inflection

Inflection of 親切

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	親切だろ	しんせつだろ	shinsetsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	親切で	しんせつで	shinsetsu de
Terminal (終止形)	親切だ	しんせつだ	shinsetsu da
Attributive (連体形)	親切な	しんせつな	shinsetsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	親切なら	しんせつなら	shinsetsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	親切であれ	しんせつであれ	shinsetsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	親切ではない親切じゃない	しんせつではないしんせつじゃない	shinsetsu de wa nai shinsetsu ja nai
Informal past	親切だった	しんせつだった	shinsetsu datta
Informal negative past	親切ではなかった親切じゃなかった	しんせつではなかったしんせつじゃなかった	shinsetsu de wa nakatta shinsetsu ja nakatta
Formal	親切です	しんせつです	shinsetsu desu
Formal negative	親切ではありません親切じゃありません	しんせつではありませんしんせつじゃありません	shinsetsu de wa arimasen shinsetsu ja arimasen
Formal past	親切でした	しんせつでした	shinsetsu deshita
Formal negative past	親切ではありませんでした親切じゃありませんでした	しんせつではありませんでしたしんせつじゃありませんでした	shinsetsu de wa arimasen deshita shinsetsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	親切で	しんせつで	shinsetsu de
Conditional	親切なら（ば）	しんせつなら（ば）	shinsetsu nara (ba)
Provisional	親切だったら	しんせつだったら	shinsetsu dattara
Volitional	親切だろう	しんせつだろう	shinsetsu darō
Adverbial	親切に	しんせつに	shinsetsu ni
Degree	親切さ	しんせつさ	shinsetsusa

Noun

親切 (hiragana しんせつ, rōmaji shinsetsu)

kindness, helpfulness, friendliness

Antonyms

羨 (せん)望 (ぼう) (senbō): envy

Derived terms

親切気 (しんせつぎ) (shinsetsugi): kindheartedness
親切心 (しんせつしん) (shinsetsushin): kindness
不親切 (ふしんせつ) (fushinsetsu): unkindness, unfriendliness
老婆親切 (ろうばしんせつ) (rōba shinsetsu): excessive solicitude

References

1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
親	切

Noun

親切 • (chinjeol) (hangeul 친절)

Hanja form^? of 친절 (“kindness, gentleness”).

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[DJR-1] 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN