蝦夷

See also: 虾夷

Chinese

shrimp; prawn
 
safe; to raze; to exterminate; barbarian
trad. (蝦夷) 蝦 夷
simp. (虾夷) 虾 夷
alt. forms 蝦蛦／虾蛦

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 蝦夷 (えみし) (emishi).

Pronunciation

Noun

蝦夷

  1. an ancient ethnic group living in eastern Japan; Emishi

Derived terms

  • 蝦夷共和國／虾夷共和国

Japanese

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蝦 夷
Jinmeiyō Jinmeiyō
Irregular

/emi1si/ invalid IPA characters (1) → /emisi/ → /emiɕi/

From Old Japanese. Possibly from Ainu エンジュ (emzyu) or エンチウ (emchiw, “man, person”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

蝦夷 (hiragana えみし, rōmaji Emishi)

  1. an ancient ethnic group living in eastern Japan; likely equivalent to the Ainu
    720, Nihon Shoki (page 205)[3]
    又 (＊)歌 (＊)之 (＊)曰 (＊)愛 (え)瀰 (み)詩 (し)烏 (を)毗 (ひ)儾 (だ)利 (り)毛 (も)々 (も)那 (な)比 (ひ)苔 (と)比 (ひ)苔 (と)破 (は)易 (い)陪 (へ)廼 (ど)毛 (も)多 (た)牟 (む)伽 (か)毗 (ひ)毛 (も)勢 (せ)儒 (ず) [Man'yōgana]
    （又 (また)歌詠 (うたよみ)して曰 (いは)く：）蝦夷 (えみし)を一人 (ひだり)百 (もも)な人 (ひと)人 (ひと)は言 (い)へども抵抗 (たむかひ)もせず [Modern spelling]
    (mata utayomi shite iwaku:) emishi o hidari momo na hito hito wa ie domo tamukai mo sezu
    Therefore he made a song, saying: Though folk say that one Yemishi is a match for one hundred men, they do not so much as resist.[4]
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (page 297)
      武内宿禰自東國還之奏言、東夷之中、有日高見國。其國人、男女並椎結文身、爲人勇悍。是總曰蝦夷。亦土地沃壤而曠之。撃可取也。
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (page 300)
      今東國不安、暴神多起。亦蝦夷悉叛、屡略人民。遣誰人以平其亂。
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (page 303)
      其東夷之中、蝦夷是尤強焉。男女交居、父子無別。冬則宿穴、夏則住樔。衣毛飮血、昆弟相疑。登山如飛禽、行草如走獸。
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蝦 夷
Jinmeiyō Jinmeiyō
Irregular

/emisi/ → /emisu/

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [e̞mʲisɨᵝ]

Noun

蝦夷 (hiragana えみす, rōmaji Emisu)

  1. an ancient ethnic group living in eastern Japan; likely equivalent to the Ainu

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蝦 夷
Jinmeiyō Jinmeiyō
Irregular

/emisu/ → /ebisu/

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [e̞bʲisɨᵝ]

Noun

蝦夷 (hiragana えびす, rōmaji Ebisu)

  1. an ancient ethnic group living in eastern Japan; likely equivalent to the Ainu

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
蝦 夷
Jinmeiyō Jinmeiyō
Irregular

/emisi/ → /emsi/ → /emzo/ → /ezo/

Pronunciation

Noun

蝦夷 (hiragana えぞ, rōmaji Ezo)

  1. an ancient ethnic group living in eastern Japan; likely equivalent to the Ainu
  2. Short for 蝦夷地 (“Ezo”).
Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ↑ Sakamoto, Tarō; Ienaga Saburō, Inoue Mitsusada, Ōno Susumu (1965) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Nihon Shoki (vol. 1), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  4. ↑ William George Aston (1896) Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, page 124
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