苦力

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	power; force; strength
simp. and trad. (苦力)		苦	力

Etymology

Compare English coolie, Hindi क़ुली (qulī), Turkish köle.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǔlì

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² lik⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-li̍t
Min Nan (POJ): khó͘-lia̍k / khó͘-le̍k / khó͘-la̍t / ku-lí / khó͘-lo̍h

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǔlì
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuulih
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu² lik⁶
  - Yale: fú lihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu² lik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu² lig⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ lɪk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-li̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku` lid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ lid⁶
  - IPA: /kʰu³¹ lit̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofliak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoflek
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-la̍t
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-la̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoflat
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lat̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku-lí
  - Tâi-lô: ku-lí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kulie
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ku⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-lo̍h
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-lo̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofloih
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ loʔ⁴/

Noun

苦力

labor; hard work
coolie; laborer

Japanese

Kanji in this term
苦	力
くー Grade: 3	りー Grade: 1
Irregular

Etymology

Ateji (当て字).
Borrowed from Mandarin 苦力 (kǔlì).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) クーリー [kúꜜùrìì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝːɾʲiː]

Noun

苦力 (katakana クーリー, rōmaji kūrī)

a coolie

References

1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN