秦始皇

Chinese

		surname; name of a dynasty	first emperor; Qin Shi Huang
simp. and trad. (秦始皇)		秦	始皇

Etymology

From the addition of 秦 (Qín) during the Han dynasty to the self-proclaimed title of 始皇帝 (Shǐhuángdì). Owing to the Chinese preference for two- or three-character names, the title was then contracted. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Qín Shǐhuáng

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon⁴ ci² wong⁴
Min Nan (POJ): Chîn Sí-hông

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Qín Shǐhuáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chyn Shyyhwang
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceon⁴ ci² wong⁴
  - Yale: chèuhn chí wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen⁴ tsi² wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cên⁴ qi² wong⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɵn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chîn Sí-hông
  - Tâi-lô: Tsîn Sí-hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciin sy'hoong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕin²⁴⁻²² ɕi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕin²⁴⁻²² ɕi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕin¹³⁻²² ɕi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕin²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕin²³⁻³³ ɕi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

Proper noun

秦始皇

(historical) Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China

Usage notes

Although the forms First Emperor, Shi Huangdi, and Shih Huang-ti remain more common in non-scholarly English, 秦始皇 is much more common in modern Chinese, with the non-truncated forms only appearing in scholarly or historical works.

The personal names 嬴政 and the rare hypercorrections 趙政／赵政 are anachronisms: Chinese of the period generally employed their 姓 (ancestral names), 氏 (clan names), and 名 (given names) separately and not in the compound form of modern Chinese.

Synonyms

秦始皇帝 (Qín Shǐhuángdì)
始皇帝 (Shǐhuángdì)

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