放棄

See also: 放弃

Chinese

		to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out	abandon; relinquish; to discard abandon; relinquish; to discard; to throw away
trad. (放棄)		放	棄
simp. (放弃)		放	弃

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fàngqì

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong³ hei³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fong-hi / piong-hi
Min Nan (POJ): hòng-khì / pàng-khì

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: fàngqì
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄑㄧˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqchih
  - IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    放棄／放弃
    放氣／放气
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: fong³ hei³
  - Yale: fong hei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong³ hei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong³ héi³
  - IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³³ hei̯³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    放棄／放弃
    放氣／放气
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fong-hi
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong hi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong⁴ hi⁴
  - IPA: /foŋ⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fong-hi / piong-hi
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong hi / biong hi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong⁴ hi⁴ / biong⁴ hi⁴
  - IPA: /foŋ⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/, /pi̯oŋ⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng-khì
  - Tâi-lô: hòng-khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: horngqix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-khì
  - Tâi-lô: pàng-khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: parngqix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁴¹/

Verb

放棄

to give up; to renounce; to abandon

Synonyms

擯棄／摈弃 (bìnqì)
丟掉／丢掉 (diūdiào)
丟棄／丢弃 (diūqì)
拋棄／抛弃 (pāoqì)
捨棄／舍弃 (shěqì)
甩掉 (shuǎidiào)
遺棄／遗弃 (yíqì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
放	棄
ほう Grade: 3	き Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative forms

抛棄

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) ほーき [hóꜜòkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ho̞ːkʲi]

Noun

放棄 (hiragana ほうき, rōmaji hōki, historical hiragana はうき)

Antonyms

(giving up): 維 (い)持 (じ) (iji), 護 (ご)持 (じ) (goji, “maintenance”)
(renunciation): 獲得 (かくとく) (kakutoku, “acquisition”); 簒奪 (さんだつ) (sandatsu), 横取 (よこど)り (yokodori, “arrogation”)

Verb

放棄する (hiragana ほうきする, rōmaji hōki suru, historical hiragana はうきする)

abandon, give up
核施設 (かくしせつ)を放 (ほう)棄 (き)する
kaku shisetsu o hōki suru
abandon a nuclear plant
abandon, renounce, relinquish
自 (じ)治 (ち)を放 (ほう)棄 (き)する
jichi o hōki suru
renounce autonomy

Conjugation

Conjugation of "放棄する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	放棄し	ほうきし	hōki shi
Continuative (連用形)	放棄し	ほうきし	hōki shi
Terminal (終止形)	放棄する	ほうきする	hōki suru
Attributive (連体形)	放棄する	ほうきする	hōki suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	放棄すれ	ほうきすれ	hōki sure
Imperative (命令形)	放棄せよ¹ 放棄しろ²	ほうきせよ¹ ほうきしろ²	hōki seyo¹ hōki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	放棄される	ほうきされる	hōki sareru
Causative	放棄させる放棄さす	ほうきさせるほうきさす	hōki saseru hōki sasu
Potential	放棄できる	ほうきできる	hōki dekiru
Volitional	放棄しよう	ほうきしよう	hōki shiyō
Negative	放棄しない	ほうきしない	hōki shinai
Negative continuative	放棄せず	ほうきせず	hōki sezu
Formal	放棄します	ほうきします	hōki shimasu
Perfective	放棄した	ほうきした	hōki shita
Conjunctive	放棄して	ほうきして	hōki shite
Hypothetical conditional	放棄すれば	ほうきすれば	hōki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

(give up): 棄 (す)てる (suteru)
(renounce): 手放 (てばな)す (tebanasu)

References

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN