忙しい

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
忙
いそが(しい) Grade: S
kun’yomi

Derived from the verb 急ぐ (isogu, “to hurry, to rush, to hasten”), using the adjectivizing suffix しい (-shii, “having that kind of quality”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) いそがしい [ìsógáshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [4])^[2]^[3]
- IPA^(key): [iso̞ɡa̠ɕiː]

Adjective

忙しい (-i inflection, hiragana いそがしい, rōmaji isogashii)

busy
彼 (かれ)はいつも忙 (いそが)しいことを言 (い)い訳 (わけ)にしている。
Kare wa itsumo isogashii koto o iiwake ni shite iru.
He always uses the excuse that he is too busy.
- c. 1001–1014, Genji Monogatari , text here:
  大殿 (おおとの)も、かやうの御遊 (おあそ)びに心止 (こころと)めたまひて、いそがしき御 (ご)政 (せい)事 (じ)どもをば逃 (のが)れたまふなりけり。
  Ōtono mo, kayau no o-asobi ni kokoro tometamahite, isogashiki go-seiji domo oba nogaretamafu narikeri.
  The lord would also kept his attention on this kind of pleasure, and escape from all his busy governmental duties.

Alternative forms

急しい (uncommon)

Inflection

Inflection of 忙しい

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	忙しかろ	いそがしかろ	isogashikaro
Continuative (連用形)	忙しく	いそがしく	isogashiku
Terminal (終止形)	忙しい	いそがしい	isogashii
Attributive (連体形)	忙しい	いそがしい	isogashii
Hypothetical (仮定形)	忙しけれ	いそがしけれ	isogashikere
Imperative (命令形)	忙しかれ	いそがしかれ	isogashikare
Key constructions
Informal negative	忙しくない	いそがしくない	isogashiku nai
Informal past	忙しかった	いそがしかった	isogashikatta
Informal negative past	忙しくなかった	いそがしくなかった	isogashiku nakatta
Formal	忙しいです	いそがしいです	isogashii desu
Formal negative	忙しくないです	いそがしくないです	isogashiku nai desu
Formal past	忙しかったです	いそがしかったです	isogashikatta desu
Formal negative past	忙しくなかったです	いそがしくなかったです	isogashiku nakatta desu
Conjunctive	忙しくて	いそがしくて	isogashikute
Conditional	忙しければ	いそがしければ	isogashikereba
Provisional	忙しかったら	いそがしかったら	isogashikattara
Volitional	忙しかろう	いそがしかろう	isogashikarō
Adverbial	忙しく	いそがしく	isogashiku
Degree	忙しさ	いそがしさ	isogashisa

Antonyms

暇 (ひま) (hima)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
忙
せわ(しい) Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) せわしい [sèwáshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]
- IPA^(key): [se̞ɰᵝa̠ɕiː]

Adjective

忙しい (-i inflection, hiragana せわしい, rōmaji sewashii, historical hiragana せはしい)

busy; hurried
restless; fidgety

Synonyms

忙 (せわ)しない (sewashinai)

References

↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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