ṯꜣw

See also: tꜣw

Egyptian

m

a wind
- c. 1950 BCE, outer coffin of Amenemhat (Cairo 28092, B10C^c), Coffin Texts Spell 62, I269e–I269i:
  
  jwt n.k qbḥw m ḫꜣw wꜣḥ.n ḥr wꜣt.k qmꜣ n.k ꜥmꜥꜣt.k r.s ḫꜣ pw ḫr ḥr [ḫ]rw ṯꜣw.s
  Waterfowl will come to you in thousands and settle on your path. When you throw your throwstick at them, there’ll be a thousand fallen at the sound of its wind.
a breath (an exhalation of air)

Declension of ṯꜣw (masculine)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯꜣw

ṯꜣw

3ae inf.

Conjugation of ṯꜣw (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ṯꜣ(w), geminated stem: ṯꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ṯꜣ(w)t, ṯꜣ(w)j	ṯꜣ(w)w, ṯꜣ(w)	ṯꜣ(w)t, ṯꜣ(w)wt, ṯꜣ(w)yt	ṯꜣ(w)	ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)y

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ṯꜣ(w)⁸, ṯꜣꜣ⁸	ḥr ṯꜣ(w)t, ḥr ṯꜣ(w)j	m ṯꜣ(w)t, m ṯꜣ(w)j	r ṯꜣ(w)t, r ṯꜣ(w)j

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ṯꜣ(w).n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ṯꜣ(w)w¹, ṯꜣ(w)y, ṯꜣ(w)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ṯꜣ(w)	ṯꜣ(w)y, ṯꜣ(w)
imperfective	ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣy, ṯꜣꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣj⁶, ṯꜣꜣy⁶	ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣw⁵
prospective	ṯꜣ(w)w¹, ṯꜣ(w)y, ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)tj⁷	—	ṯꜣ(w)wtj^{1 4}, ṯꜣ(w)tj⁴, ṯꜣ(w)t⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯꜣw

ṯꜣw

[Middle Kingdom]

Terms derived from ṯꜣw

Demotic: ḏwj
- Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ (cioui)
- Sahidic and Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ (jioue)

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926-1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, revised second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 121, 214, 255
de Buck, Adriaan (1935) The Egyptian Coffin Texts I: Texts of Spells 1–75, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, page I269

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