ḫpr

See also: hPR

Egyptian

3-lit.

(intransitive) to come into being, to start to exist [since the Pyramid Texts]
(intransitive) to come to exist or take place (in the currently relevant context); to occur, to happen, to appear, to arise [since the Pyramid Texts]
(intransitive) to evolve, to develop (+ m: to develop into, to become) [since the Pyramid Texts]
(intransitive, of time) to come, to arrive

Conjugation of ḫpr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫpr, geminated stem: ḫprr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḫpr	ḫprw, ḫpr	ḫprt	ḫpr	ḫpr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḫpr	ḥr ḫpr	m ḫpr	r ḫpr

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	ḫpr.n	—	—
perfective	ḫpr	ḫpr	ḫpr, ḫprw⁵, ḫpry⁵
imperfective	ḫpr, ḫpry, ḫprw⁵	ḫpr, ḫprj⁶, ḫpry⁶	ḫpr, ḫprw⁵
prospective	ḫpr, ḫprtj⁷	ḫprtj⁴, ḫprt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫpr

ḫpr

Terms derived from ḫpr

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926-1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
von Beckerath, Jürgen (1995) “Ḫpr/ḫpr(w)/ḫpr(w)w in den Königsnamen des Neuen Reiches nach griechischer Überlieferung” in Divitiae aegypti: Koptologische und verwandte Studien zu Ehren von Martin Krause, edited by Cäcilia Fluck, Lucia Langener, Siegfried Richter, Sofia Schaten, and Gregor Wurst. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 15–18.
Atiya, Aziz Suryal, editor (1991), “Protodialect”, in The Coptic Encyclopedia, New York: Macmillan, →ISBN
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84

↑ Loprieno, Antonio (2001) “From Ancient Egyptian to Coptic” in Haspelmath, Martin et al. (eds.), Language Typology and Language Universals.

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