ऋण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋण (ṛṇá).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɾɪn/

Noun

ऋण • (ŕṇ) m

  1. (finance) debt, loss

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥nás, *Harnás (“debt, guilt”).[1] Compare Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬝𐬹𐬗𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀‎ (arənat̰ caēša, “punishing guilt”), Khotanese ārra (ārra, “fault”).

Pronunciation

Noun

ऋण • (ṛṇá) n

  1. anything due, obligation, duty, debt
  2. the obligations of a Brahman
  3. anything wanted or missed
  4. a debt of money, money owed
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.47.2
      कृतानीदस्य कर्त्वा चेतन्ते दस्युतर्हणा ।
      ऋणा च धृष्णुश्चयते ॥
      kṛtānīdasya kartvā cetante dasyutarhaṇā .
      ṛṇā ca dhṛṣṇuścayate .
      His task is done: his crushings of the Dasyus are made manifest:
      He sternly reckoneth their debts.
    • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
    • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
    • c. 800 BCE, Yājñavalkya
  5. guilt
  6. (mathematics) a negative quality, minus
  7. water
  8. fort, stronghold

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ऋण (ṛṇá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ऋणम्
ṛṇám		 ऋणे
ṛṇé		 ऋणानि / ऋणा¹
ṛṇā́ni / ṛṇā́¹
Vocative ऋण
ṛ́ṇa		 ऋणे
ṛ́ṇe		 ऋणानि / ऋणा¹
ṛ́ṇāni / ṛ́ṇā¹
Accusative ऋणम्
ṛṇám		 ऋणे
ṛṇé		 ऋणानि / ऋणा¹
ṛṇā́ni / ṛṇā́¹
Instrumental ऋणेन
ṛṇéna		 ऋणाभ्याम्
ṛṇā́bhyām		 ऋणैः / ऋणेभिः¹
ṛṇaíḥ / ṛṇébhiḥ¹
Dative ऋणाय
ṛṇā́ya		 ऋणाभ्याम्
ṛṇā́bhyām		 ऋणेभ्यः
ṛṇébhyaḥ
Ablative ऋणात्
ṛṇā́t		 ऋणाभ्याम्
ṛṇā́bhyām		 ऋणेभ्यः
ṛṇébhyaḥ
Genitive ऋणस्य
ṛṇásya		 ऋणयोः
ṛṇáyoḥ		 ऋणानाम्
ṛṇā́nām
Locative ऋणे
ṛṇé		 ऋणयोः
ṛṇáyoḥ		 ऋणेषु
ṛṇéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Adjective

ऋण • (ṛṇá)

  1. going, flying, fugitive
  2. guilty, having gone against or transgressed

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ऋण
Nom. sg. ऋणः (ṛṇaḥ)
Gen. sg. ऋणस्य (ṛṇasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ऋणः (ṛṇaḥ) ऋणौ (ṛṇau) ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ)
Vocative ऋण (ṛṇa) ऋणौ (ṛṇau) ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ)
Accusative ऋणम् (ṛṇam) ऋणौ (ṛṇau) ऋणान् (ṛṇān)
Instrumental ऋणेन (ṛṇena) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणैः (ṛṇaiḥ)
Dative ऋणाय (ṛṇāya) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणेभ्यः (ṛṇebhyaḥ)
Ablative ऋणात् (ṛṇāt) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणेभ्यः (ṛṇebhyaḥ)
Genitive ऋणस्य (ṛṇasya) ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) ऋणानाम् (ṛṇānām)
Locative ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) ऋणेषु (ṛṇeṣu)
Feminine ā-stem declension of ऋण
Nom. sg. ऋणा (ṛṇā)
Gen. sg. ऋणायाः (ṛṇāyāḥ)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ऋणा (ṛṇā) ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ)
Vocative ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ)
Accusative ऋणाम् (ṛṇām) ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणाः (ṛṇāḥ)
Instrumental ऋणया (ṛṇayā) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणाभिः (ṛṇābhiḥ)
Dative ऋणायै (ṛṇāyai) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणाभ्यः (ṛṇābhyaḥ)
Ablative ऋणायाः (ṛṇāyāḥ) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणाभ्यः (ṛṇābhyaḥ)
Genitive ऋणायाः (ṛṇāyāḥ) ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) ऋणानाम् (ṛṇānām)
Locative ऋणायाम् (ṛṇāyām) ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) ऋणासु (ṛṇāsu)
Neuter a-stem declension of ऋण
Nom. sg. ऋणम् (ṛṇam)
Gen. sg. ऋणस्य (ṛṇasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ऋणम् (ṛṇam) ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणानि (ṛṇāni)
Vocative ऋण (ṛṇa) ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणानि (ṛṇāni)
Accusative ऋणम् (ṛṇam) ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणानि (ṛṇāni)
Instrumental ऋणेन (ṛṇena) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणैः (ṛṇaiḥ)
Dative ऋणाय (ṛṇāya) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणेभ्यः (ṛṇebhyaḥ)
Ablative ऋणात् (ṛṇāt) ऋणाभ्याम् (ṛṇābhyām) ऋणेभ्यः (ṛṇebhyaḥ)
Genitive ऋणस्य (ṛṇasya) ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) ऋणानाम् (ṛṇānām)
Locative ऋणे (ṛṇe) ऋणयोः (ṛṇayoḥ) ऋणेषु (ṛṇeṣu)

References

  1. ↑ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project)‎, Leiden University
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