इव

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit इव (iva).

Adverb

इव • (iva) (Urdu spelling او‎)

  1. thus
  2. as
  3. almost

Preposition

इव • (iva) (Urdu spelling او‎)

  1. as
  2. like

Sanskrit

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Compare Hittite 𒄿𒉿𒅈 (i-wa-ar /iwar/).

Pronunciation

Adverb

इव • (iva)

  1. like, in the same manner as (in this sense = यथा (yathā), and used correlatively to तथा (tathā))
  2. as it were, as if
    पथेव ― patheva ― as if on a path
  3. in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion)
  4. nearly, almost, about
    मुहूर्तम् इव ― muhūrtam iva ― almost an hour
  5. so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction:)
    ईषद् इव ― īṣad iva ― just a little
    किंचिद् इव ― kiṃcid iva ― just a little bit
    न चिराद् इव ― na cirād iva ― very soon
  6. (as a particle) connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb
    किम् इव ― kim iva ― what?
    कथम् इव ― katham iva ― how could that possibly be?
    क्वेव ― kveva ― where, I should like to know?

Usage notes

In the pada texts of the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, and by native grammarians, इव (iva) is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands.

References

  • Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1898) A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 0168
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