دين

See also: دین‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

Following Arthur Jeffery, the “religion” senses are borrowed directly from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭩𐭭‎ (dēn), which is from Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁‎ (daēnā), which is possibly from Elamite [script needed] (dēn), whereas the “law” and “judgement” senses in the Qur'an copy Classical Syriac ܕܺܝܢܳܐ‎ (dīnā, “judgement”), which is possibly from Akkadian [script needed] (dēnu, dīnu, “judgement”) and possibly donator of Ge'ez ደይን (däyn, “judgement”). The borrowing has mixed up with the root د ي ن‎ (d-y-n) of meanings related to increase of financial liabilities.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /diːn/

Noun

دِين • (dīn) m (plural أَدْيَان‎ (ʾadyān))

(countable, uncountable) religion, creed, credo, faith, conviction, belief, tenet, rite
(uncountable, verbal noun) conformism, conformance, conformity, compliance, fealty, obedience; God-fearingness, godliness, religiosity, devoutness
(obsolete) law, custom, habit
(rare) judgement
1. (rare) requital, compensation, indemnification
2. (rare) credit, obligation, account

Declension

Declension of noun دِين (dīn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِين dīn	الدِّين‎ ad-dīn	دِين dīn
Nominative	دِينٌ dīnun	الدِّينُ‎ ad-dīnu	دِينُ dīnu
Accusative	دِينًا‎ dīnan	الدِّينَ‎ ad-dīna	دِينَ dīna
Genitive	دِينٍ dīnin	الدِّينِ‎ ad-dīni	دِينِ dīni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِينَيْن‎ dīnayn	الدِّينَيْن‎ ad-dīnayn	دِينَيْ‎ dīnay
Nominative	دِينَانِ‎ dīnāni	الدِّينَانِ‎ ad-dīnāni	دِينَا‎ dīnā
Accusative	دِينَيْنِ‎ dīnayni	الدِّينَيْنِ‎ ad-dīnayni	دِينَيْ‎ dīnay
Genitive	دِينَيْنِ‎ dīnayni	الدِّينَيْنِ‎ ad-dīnayni	دِينَيْ‎ dīnay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَدْيَان‎ ʾadyān	الْأَدْيَان‎ al-ʾadyān	أَدْيَان‎ ʾadyān
Nominative	أَدْيَانٌ‎ ʾadyānun	الْأَدْيَانُ‎ al-ʾadyānu	أَدْيَانُ‎ ʾadyānu
Accusative	أَدْيَانًا‎ ʾadyānan	الْأَدْيَانَ‎ al-ʾadyāna	أَدْيَانَ‎ ʾadyāna
Genitive	أَدْيَانٍ‎ ʾadyānin	الْأَدْيَانِ‎ al-ʾadyāni	أَدْيَانِ‎ ʾadyāni

Derived terms

يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ‎ (yawmu d-dīni, “day of judgment”)

Related terms

دَيَّان‎ (dayyān)
دِيَانَة‎ (diyāna)
دِينِيّ‎ (dīniyy)
مُتَدَيِّن‎ (mutadayyin)
مُتَدَيِّنَة‎ (mutadayyina)

Descendants

Azerbaijani: din
Avar: дин (din)
Bashkir: дин (din)
Chechen: дин (din)
Chuvash: тӗн (tĕn)
Crimean Tatar: din
Hindi: दीन (dīn)
Indonesian: din
Kurdish:
Kurmanji: dîn

Sorani: دین‎ (dîn)
Kazakh: дин (dïn)
Kyrgyz: дин (din)
Malay: din
Pashto: دين‎ (din)
Persian: دین‎ (din)
Ossetian: дин (din)
Santali: ᱫᱤᱱ (din)
Swahili: dini
Tajik: дин (din)
Tatar: дин (din)
Turkish: din
Turkmen: din
Uyghur: دىن‎ (din)
Urdu: دین‎ (dīn)
Uzbek: din

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /daj.jin/

Adjective

دَيِّن • (dayyin)

religious, pious, godly, God-fearing, devout

Declension

Declension of adjective دَيِّن (dayyin)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	دَيِّن dayyin	الدَّيِّن‎ ad-dayyin	دَيِّنَة‎ dayyina	الدَّيِّنَة‎ ad-dayyina
Nominative	دَيِّنٌ dayyinun	الدَّيِّنُ‎ ad-dayyinu	دَيِّنَةٌ‎ dayyinatun	الدَّيِّنَةُ‎ ad-dayyinatu
Accusative	دَيِّنًا‎ dayyinan	الدَّيِّنَ‎ ad-dayyina	دَيِّنَةً‎ dayyinatan	الدَّيِّنَةَ‎ ad-dayyinata
Genitive	دَيِّنٍ dayyinin	الدَّيِّنِ‎ ad-dayyini	دَيِّنَةٍ‎ dayyinatin	الدَّيِّنَةِ‎ ad-dayyinati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	دَيِّنَيْن‎ dayyinayn	الدَّيِّنَيْن‎ ad-dayyinayn	دَيِّنَتَيْن‎ dayyinatayn	الدَّيِّنَتَيْن‎ ad-dayyinatayn
Nominative	دَيِّنَانِ‎ dayyināni	الدَّيِّنَانِ‎ ad-dayyināni	دَيِّنَتَانِ‎ dayyinatāni	الدَّيِّنَتَانِ‎ ad-dayyinatāni
Accusative	دَيِّنَيْنِ‎ dayyinayni	الدَّيِّنَيْنِ‎ ad-dayyinayni	دَيِّنَتَيْنِ‎ dayyinatayni	الدَّيِّنَتَيْنِ‎ ad-dayyinatayni
Genitive	دَيِّنَيْنِ‎ dayyinayni	الدَّيِّنَيْنِ‎ ad-dayyinayni	دَيِّنَتَيْنِ‎ dayyinatayni	الدَّيِّنَتَيْنِ‎ ad-dayyinatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	plural unknown		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	? ?	? ?	دَيِّنَات‎ dayyināt	الدَّيِّنَات‎ ad-dayyināt
Nominative	? ?	? ?	دَيِّنَاتٌ‎ dayyinātun	الدَّيِّنَاتُ‎ ad-dayyinātu
Accusative	? ?	? ?	دَيِّنَاتٍ‎ dayyinātin	الدَّيِّنَاتِ‎ ad-dayyināti
Genitive	? ?	? ?	دَيِّنَاتٍ‎ dayyinātin	الدَّيِّنَاتِ‎ ad-dayyināti

Etymology 3

Causative of the verb دَانَ‎ (dāna, “to be a debtor”) from the د ي ن‎ (d-y-n).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /daj.ja.na/

Verb

دَيَّنَ • (dayyana) II, non-past يُدَيِّنُ‎‎ (yudayyinu)

to loan, to lend, to advance

Conjugation

Conjugation of

دَيَّنَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَدْيِين‎ tadyīn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُدَيِّن‎ mudayyin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُدَيَّن‎ mudayyan
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَيَّنْتُ‎ dayyantu	دَيَّنْتَ‎ dayyanta	دَيَّنَ dayyana	دَيَّنْتُمَا‎ dayyantumā	دَيَّنَا‎ dayyanā	دَيَّنَّا‎ dayyannā	دَيَّنْتُمْ‎ dayyantum	دَيَّنُوا‎ dayyanū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	دَيَّنْتُ‎ dayyantu	دَيَّنْتِ‎ dayyanti	دَيَّنَتْ‎ dayyanat	دَيَّنْتُمَا‎ dayyantumā	دَيَّنَتَا‎ dayyanatā	دَيَّنَّا‎ dayyannā	دَيَّنْتُنَّ‎ dayyantunna	دَيَّنَّ dayyanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُدَيِّنُ‎ ʾudayyinu	تُدَيِّنُ‎ tudayyinu	يُدَيِّنُ‎ yudayyinu	تُدَيِّنَانِ‎ tudayyināni	يُدَيِّنَانِ‎ yudayyināni	نُدَيِّنُ‎ nudayyinu	تُدَيِّنُونَ‎ tudayyinūna	يُدَيِّنُونَ‎ yudayyinūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُدَيِّنُ‎ ʾudayyinu	تُدَيِّنِينَ‎ tudayyinīna	تُدَيِّنُ‎ tudayyinu	تُدَيِّنَانِ‎ tudayyināni	تُدَيِّنَانِ‎ tudayyināni	نُدَيِّنُ‎ nudayyinu	تُدَيِّنَّ‎ tudayyinna	يُدَيِّنَّ‎ yudayyinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَيِّنَ‎ ʾudayyina	تُدَيِّنَ‎ tudayyina	يُدَيِّنَ‎ yudayyina	تُدَيِّنَا‎ tudayyinā	يُدَيِّنَا‎ yudayyinā	نُدَيِّنَ‎ nudayyina	تُدَيِّنُوا‎ tudayyinū	يُدَيِّنُوا‎ yudayyinū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُدَيِّنَ‎ ʾudayyina	تُدَيِّنِي‎ tudayyinī	تُدَيِّنَ‎ tudayyina	تُدَيِّنَا‎ tudayyinā	تُدَيِّنَا‎ tudayyinā	نُدَيِّنَ‎ nudayyina	تُدَيِّنَّ‎ tudayyinna	يُدَيِّنَّ‎ yudayyinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَيِّنْ‎ ʾudayyin	تُدَيِّنْ‎ tudayyin	يُدَيِّنْ‎ yudayyin	تُدَيِّنَا‎ tudayyinā	يُدَيِّنَا‎ yudayyinā	نُدَيِّنْ‎ nudayyin	تُدَيِّنُوا‎ tudayyinū	يُدَيِّنُوا‎ yudayyinū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُدَيِّنْ‎ ʾudayyin	تُدَيِّنِي‎ tudayyinī	تُدَيِّنْ‎ tudayyin	تُدَيِّنَا‎ tudayyinā	تُدَيِّنَا‎ tudayyinā	نُدَيِّنْ‎ nudayyin	تُدَيِّنَّ‎ tudayyinna	يُدَيِّنَّ‎ yudayyinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		دَيِّنْ dayyin		دَيِّنَا‎ dayyinā			دَيِّنُوا‎ dayyinū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		دَيِّنِي‎ dayyinī		دَيِّنَا‎ dayyinā			دَيِّنَّ dayyinna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُيِّنْتُ‎ duyyintu	دُيِّنْتَ‎ duyyinta	دُيِّنَ duyyina	دُيِّنْتُمَا‎ duyyintumā	دُيِّنَا‎ duyyinā	دُيِّنَّا‎ duyyinnā	دُيِّنْتُمْ‎ duyyintum	دُيِّنُوا‎ duyyinū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	دُيِّنْتُ‎ duyyintu	دُيِّنْتِ‎ duyyinti	دُيِّنَتْ‎ duyyinat	دُيِّنْتُمَا‎ duyyintumā	دُيِّنَتَا‎ duyyinatā	دُيِّنَّا‎ duyyinnā	دُيِّنْتُنَّ‎ duyyintunna	دُيِّنَّ duyyinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُدَيَّنُ‎ ʾudayyanu	تُدَيَّنُ‎ tudayyanu	يُدَيَّنُ‎ yudayyanu	تُدَيَّنَانِ‎ tudayyanāni	يُدَيَّنَانِ‎ yudayyanāni	نُدَيَّنُ‎ nudayyanu	تُدَيَّنُونَ‎ tudayyanūna	يُدَيَّنُونَ‎ yudayyanūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُدَيَّنُ‎ ʾudayyanu	تُدَيَّنِينَ‎ tudayyanīna	تُدَيَّنُ‎ tudayyanu	تُدَيَّنَانِ‎ tudayyanāni	تُدَيَّنَانِ‎ tudayyanāni	نُدَيَّنُ‎ nudayyanu	تُدَيَّنَّ‎ tudayyanna	يُدَيَّنَّ‎ yudayyanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَيَّنَ‎ ʾudayyana	تُدَيَّنَ‎ tudayyana	يُدَيَّنَ‎ yudayyana	تُدَيَّنَا‎ tudayyanā	يُدَيَّنَا‎ yudayyanā	نُدَيَّنَ‎ nudayyana	تُدَيَّنُوا‎ tudayyanū	يُدَيَّنُوا‎ yudayyanū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُدَيَّنَ‎ ʾudayyana	تُدَيَّنِي‎ tudayyanī	تُدَيَّنَ‎ tudayyana	تُدَيَّنَا‎ tudayyanā	تُدَيَّنَا‎ tudayyanā	نُدَيَّنَ‎ nudayyana	تُدَيَّنَّ‎ tudayyanna	يُدَيَّنَّ‎ yudayyanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَيَّنْ‎ ʾudayyan	تُدَيَّنْ‎ tudayyan	يُدَيَّنْ‎ yudayyan	تُدَيَّنَا‎ tudayyanā	يُدَيَّنَا‎ yudayyanā	نُدَيَّنْ‎ nudayyan	تُدَيَّنُوا‎ tudayyanū	يُدَيَّنُوا‎ yudayyanū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُدَيَّنْ‎ ʾudayyan	تُدَيَّنِي‎ tudayyanī	تُدَيَّنْ‎ tudayyan	تُدَيَّنَا‎ tudayyanā	تُدَيَّنَا‎ tudayyanā	نُدَيَّنْ‎ nudayyan	تُدَيَّنَّ‎ tudayyanna	يُدَيَّنَّ‎ yudayyanna

Related terms

إِدَانَة‎ (ʾidāna)
اِسْتِدَانَة‎ (istidāna)
دَائِن‎ (dāʾin)
دَيْنُونَة‎ (daynūna)
مُدَان‎ (mudān)
مَدِين‎ (madīn)
مُدِين‎ (mudīn)
مَدْيُون‎ (madyūn)
مَدْيُونِيَّة‎ (madyūniyya, “indebtedness”)

Etymology 4

From the د ي ن‎ (d-y-n).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dajn/
(Egypt) IPA^(key): /deːn/

Noun

دَيْن • (dayn) m (plural دُيُون‎ (duyūn) or أَدْيُن‎ (ʾadyun) or دِينَة‎ (dīna))

verbal noun of دَانَ‎ (dāna) (form I)
debt, debit, liability, pecuniary, obligation, financial claim

Declension

Declension of noun دَيْن (dayn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَيْن dayn	الدَّيْن‎ ad-dayn	دَيْن dayn
Nominative	دَيْنٌ daynun	الدَّيْنُ‎ ad-daynu	دَيْنُ daynu
Accusative	دَيْنًا‎ daynan	الدَّيْنَ‎ ad-dayna	دَيْنَ dayna
Genitive	دَيْنٍ daynin	الدَّيْنِ‎ ad-dayni	دَيْنِ dayni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَيْنَيْن‎ daynayn	الدَّيْنَيْن‎ ad-daynayn	دَيْنَيْ‎ daynay
Nominative	دَيْنَانِ‎ daynāni	الدَّيْنَانِ‎ ad-daynāni	دَيْنَا‎ daynā
Accusative	دَيْنَيْنِ‎ daynayni	الدَّيْنَيْنِ‎ ad-daynayni	دَيْنَيْ‎ daynay
Genitive	دَيْنَيْنِ‎ daynayni	الدَّيْنَيْنِ‎ ad-daynayni	دَيْنَيْ‎ daynay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُيُون‎‎; أَدْيُن‎‎; دِينَة‎ duyūn‎; ʾadyun‎; dīna	الدُّيُون‎‎; الْأَدْيُن‎‎; الدِّينَة‎ ad-duyūn‎; al-ʾadyun‎; ad-dīna	دُيُون‎‎; أَدْيُن‎‎; دِينَة‎ duyūn‎; ʾadyun‎; dīnat
Nominative	دُيُونٌ‎‎; أَدْيُنٌ‎‎; دِينَةٌ‎ duyūnun‎; ʾadyunun‎; dīnatun	الدُّيُونُ‎‎; الْأَدْيُنُ‎‎; الدِّينَةُ‎ ad-duyūnu‎; al-ʾadyunu‎; ad-dīnatu	دُيُونُ‎‎; أَدْيُنُ‎‎; دِينَةُ‎ duyūnu‎; ʾadyunu‎; dīnatu
Accusative	دُيُونًا‎‎; أَدْيُنًا‎‎; دِينَةً‎ duyūnan‎; ʾadyunan‎; dīnatan	الدُّيُونَ‎‎; الْأَدْيُنَ‎‎; الدِّينَةَ‎ ad-duyūna‎; al-ʾadyuna‎; ad-dīnata	دُيُونَ‎‎; أَدْيُنَ‎‎; دِينَةَ‎ duyūna‎; ʾadyuna‎; dīnata
Genitive	دُيُونٍ‎‎; أَدْيُنٍ‎‎; دِينَةٍ‎ duyūnin‎; ʾadyunin‎; dīnatin	الدُّيُونِ‎‎; الْأَدْيُنِ‎‎; الدِّينَةِ‎ ad-duyūni‎; al-ʾadyuni‎; ad-dīnati	دُيُونِ‎‎; أَدْيُنِ‎‎; دِينَةِ‎ duyūni‎; ʾadyuni‎; dīnati

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /diː.na/

Verb

دِينَ • (dīna) (form I)

third-person masculine singular past passive of دَانَ‎ (dāna)

References

Badawi, Elsaid M.; Abdel Haleem, Muhammad (2008), “د/ي/ن d-y-n”, in Arabic-English Dictionary of Qurʾanic Usage (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 85), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 320–321
Corriente, Federico (2005), “دين”, in Diccionario avanzado árabe (in Spanish), volume I, 2nd edition, Barcelona: Herder, page 387
Jeffery, Arthur (1938), “دِين”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 131 seqq.
Freytag, Georg (1833), “دين”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 76–77
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “دين”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 758
Lane, Edward William (1863), “دين”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
Leslau, Wolf (1991), “የነደ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 146
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “دين”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, pages 381–382
Wehr, Hans (1979), “دين”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (2011), “دين”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 423

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