что

Russian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *čьto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, *kʷis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʂto] (phonetic respelling: што)
  • Audio(file)

Conjunction

что • (što) (invariable)

  1. that
    Я ду́маю, что он до́ма. ― Ja dúmaju, što on dóma. ― I think (that) he’s home.

Pronoun

что • (što)

  1. (interrogative) what
    Что э́то? ― Što éto? ― What is this?
    Он не зна́ет, что э́то зна́чит. ― On ne znájet, što éto znáčit. ― He doesn’t know what this means.
  2. (nonstandard, relative) that, which
    Кни́га, что на столе́. ― Kníga, što na stolé. ― The book that is on the table.

Usage notes

  • In informal speech, the genitive form чего́ (čevó) often replaces the accusative and sometimes the nominative.

Declension

Declension of что  
singular
nominative что́
štó
genitive чего́
čevó
dative чему́
čemú
accusative что́
štó
instrumental че́м
čém
prepositional чём
čóm
Pre-reform declension of что  
singular
nominative что́
štó
genitive чего́
čevó
dative чему́
čemú
accusative что́
štó
instrumental чѣ́мъ
čě́m
prepositional чёмъ
čóm

Synonyms

  • чё (čo) or чо (čo) (interrogative pronoun only, non-standard, highly colloquial but common, not used in writing)
    Ну чё, пошли́, что́ ли? ― Nu čó, pošlí, štó li? ― Well, let's go!
    Чё он хо́чет от меня́? ― Čó on xóčet ot menjá? ― What (the hell) does he want from me?
  • шо (šo) (same as above, used in the South of European Russia or by Russian speakers in Ukraine)
  • кото́рый (kotóryj) (standard relative pronoun)
▼ <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*k%CA%B7e-'>Russian terms derived from the PIE root *kʷe-</a>‎ (0 c, 11 e)
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5'>где</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9'>каждый</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA'>как</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9'>какой</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0'>когда</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9'>кой</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9'>который</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE'>кто</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE'>сколько</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B9'>чей</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE'>что</a>

Derived terms

Pronouns (declined as nouns)

Pronouns (indeclinable)

Adverbs and Interjections

Conjunctions

Verbs

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