когда

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *koda, from which the following words also were derived: Old Church Slavonic къгда (kŭgda), Bulgarian кога (koga), Polish kiedy, Serbo-Croatian када, Czech kdy, Polish gdy, Lower Sorbian gdy. Originally the word was probably *koda; compare Lithuanian kada (“when”), Latvian kad, Old Indic and Hindi कदा (kəda), Avestan kadā. From *koda came *kъdа, possibly under the influence of *kъdе, kъtо. On the other hand, one may perceive in когда́ (kogdá) the old instrumental singular *godō of the word год (god) (the old meaning of which was “time, period”) with the interrogative particle ко-, making a genitive singular form *kogo goda (which time?). Thus the -гда ending may have derived from the genitive of год (god, “period of time”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kɐɡˈda]
    Audio(file)
  • (colloquial, casual, fast speech) IPA(key): [kɐˈda] (phonetic respelling: кода́)

Adverb

когда́ • (kogdá)

  1. when
    Когда́ вы прие́хали? ― Kogdá vy prijéxali? ― When did you arrive?

Conjunction

когда́ • (kogdá)

  1. when
    Я не зна́ю, когда́ э́то бы́ло. ― Ja ne znáju, kogdá éto býlo. ― I don’t know when it was.

Usage notes

Both the subordinate clause with the conjunction когда and the main clause can have either an imperfective or a perfective verb. However, the whole context of the respective sentences could be different due to the difference of the aspects.

▼ <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*k%CA%B7e-'>Russian terms derived from the PIE root *kʷe-</a>‎ (0 c, 11 e)
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5'>где</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9'>каждый</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA'>как</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9'>какой</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0'>когда</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9'>кой</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9'>который</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE'>кто</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE'>сколько</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B9'>чей</a>
  <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs0 CategoryTreeLabelPage' href='/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE'>что</a>

Derived terms

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