врагъ

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

  • (Glagolitic): ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (enemy, foe). Cognate with Old East Slavic ворогъ (vorogŭ) and врагъ (vragŭ), the first being the original word, while the second is derived from the Old Church Slavonic term. See also Lithuanian var̃gas (hardship, misery), Latvian vā̀rgs (misery).

Noun

врагъ (vragŭ) m

  1. an enemy, foe
    • XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
      ѣко придѫтъ дьнье на тѧ · и обложѧтъ врази твои · острогъ о тебѣ · и обидѫтъ тѧ · и окрочѧтъ тѧ в сѫду ·
      ěko pridǫtŭ dĭnĭe na tę · i obložętŭ vrazi tvoi · ostrogŭ o tebě · i obidǫtŭ tę · i okročętŭ tę v sǫdu ·
      For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
  2. (figuratively) the devil
    • XI century, Codex Suprasliensis, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
      [] ѿ съврьшивъшааго из устъ младеништемъ и съсѫштиимъ хвалѫ · раздроушити врага и мьстьника []
      [] otŭ sŭvrĭšivŭšaago iz ustŭ mladeništemŭ i sŭsǫštiimŭ xvalǫ · razdrušiti vraga i mĭstĭnika []
      [] from the one who made praise out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, that he mightest destroy the enemy and the avenger []

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), врагъ”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 122

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (enemy, foe) through Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ). Compare with Old East Slavic ворогъ (vorogŭ), the native form that existed parallelly with adopted form. See also Lithuanian var̃gas (hardship, misery), Latvian vā̀rgs (misery).

Noun

врагъ (vragŭ) m

  1. an enemy, foe
    • XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
      [] благодать Божия просвѣщаше сердце его и рука Господня помогаше ему, и побѣжаше всꙗ врагы своꙗ, и боꙗхутсѧ его вси.
      [] blagodatĭ Božija prosvěščaše serdce ego i ruka Gospodnja pomogaše emu, i poběžaše vsja vragy svoja, i bojaxutsę ego vsi.
      [] God's grace illuminated his heart and God's hand helped him, and [he] defeated all his foes, and was feared among all.
  2. (figuratively) the devil
    • 1377, Лаврентьевская летопись (Laurentian Codex), the Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6545 (1037):
      Радовашесѧ Ꙗрославъ вида множьство цьрквии . и люди хрестꙑанꙑ зѣло . а врагъ сѣтовашетьсѧ побѣжаемъ . новыми людьми хрестꙑанскꙑми.
      Radovašesę Jaroslavŭ vida množĭstvo cĭrkvii . i ljudi xrestyany zělo . a vragŭ sětovašetĭsę poběžaemŭ . novymi ljudĭmi xrestyanskymi.
      And Yaroslav was glad, seeing many churches and many Christians [among his] people, while the devil wailed, being defeated by the newly-baptized.

Declension

Derived terms

  • врагуша (vraguša, fever)
  • вражениѥ (vraženije, augury, enchanting)
  • враженꙑи (vraženyi, enchanted)
  • вражитель (vražitelĭ, soothsayer)
  • вражити (vražiti, to enchant)
  • вражьба (vražĭba, cure)

Descendants

References

  • Sreznevskij, I. I. (1893), врагъ”, in Materialy dlja slovarja drevne-russkago jazyka po pisʹmennym pamjatnikam [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language According to Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 310
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