врагъ
Old Church Slavonic
Alternative forms
- (Glagolitic): ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Cognate with Old East Slavic ворогъ (vorogŭ) and врагъ (vragŭ), the first being the original word, while the second is derived from the Old Church Slavonic term. See also Lithuanian var̃gas (“hardship, misery”), Latvian vā̀rgs (“misery”).
Noun
врагъ • (vragŭ) m
- an enemy, foe
- XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
- ѣко придѫтъ дьнье на тѧ · и обложѧтъ врази твои · острогъ о тебѣ · и обидѫтъ тѧ · и окрочѧтъ тѧ в сѫду ·
- ěko pridǫtŭ dĭnĭe na tę · i obložętŭ vrazi tvoi · ostrogŭ o tebě · i obidǫtŭ tę · i okročętŭ tę v sǫdu ·
- For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
-
- XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
- (figuratively) the devil
- XI century, Codex Suprasliensis, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
- […] ѿ съврьшивъшааго из устъ младеништемъ и съсѫштиимъ хвалѫ · раздроушити врага и мьстьника […]
- […] otŭ sŭvrĭšivŭšaago iz ustŭ mladeništemŭ i sŭsǫštiimŭ xvalǫ · razdrušiti vraga i mĭstĭnika […]
- […] from the one who made praise out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, that he mightest destroy the enemy and the avenger […]
-
- XI century, Codex Suprasliensis, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
Declension
Declension of врагъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | врагъ vragŭ |
врага vraga |
враѕи vradzi |
| Accusative | врагъ, врага vragŭ, vraga |
врага vraga |
врагꙑ vragy |
| Genitive | врага vraga |
врагоу vragu |
врагъ vragŭ |
| Locative | враѕѣ vradzě |
врагоу vragu |
враѕѣхъ vradzěxŭ |
| Dative | врагоу, врагови vragu, vragovi |
врагома vragoma |
врагомъ vragomŭ |
| Instrumental | врагомь vragomĭ |
врагома vragoma |
врагꙑ vragy |
| Vocative | враже vraže |
врага vraga |
враѕи vradzi |
Derived terms
Terms derived from врагъ
- вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
- вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
- вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity, wickedness”)
- вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
- вражьскꙑ (vražĭsky, “hostilely”)
Descendants
References
- Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “врагъ”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 122
Old East Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”) through Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ). Compare with Old East Slavic ворогъ (vorogŭ), the native form that existed parallelly with adopted form. See also Lithuanian var̃gas (“hardship, misery”), Latvian vā̀rgs (“misery”).
Noun
врагъ (vragŭ) m
- an enemy, foe
- XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
- […] благодать Божия просвѣщаше сердце его и рука Господня помогаше ему, и побѣжаше всꙗ врагы своꙗ, и боꙗхутсѧ его вси.
- […] blagodatĭ Božija prosvěščaše serdce ego i ruka Gospodnja pomogaše emu, i poběžaše vsja vragy svoja, i bojaxutsę ego vsi.
- […] God's grace illuminated his heart and God's hand helped him, and [he] defeated all his foes, and was feared among all.
-
- XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
- (figuratively) the devil
- 1377, Лаврентьевская летопись (Laurentian Codex), the Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6545 (1037):
- Радовашесѧ Ꙗрославъ вида множьство цьрквии . и люди хрестꙑанꙑ зѣло . а врагъ сѣтовашетьсѧ побѣжаемъ . новыми людьми хрестꙑанскꙑми.
- Radovašesę Jaroslavŭ vida množĭstvo cĭrkvii . i ljudi xrestyany zělo . a vragŭ sětovašetĭsę poběžaemŭ . novymi ljudĭmi xrestyanskymi.
- And Yaroslav was glad, seeing many churches and many Christians [among his] people, while the devil wailed, being defeated by the newly-baptized.
-
- 1377, Лаврентьевская летопись (Laurentian Codex), the Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6545 (1037):
Declension
Declension of врагъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | врагъ | врага | врази |
| Accusative | врагъ | врага | врагꙑ |
| Genitive | врага | врагу | врагъ |
| Locative | вразѣ | врагу | вразѣхъ |
| Dative | врагу | врагома | врагомъ |
| Instrumental | врагомь | врагома | врагꙑ |
| Vocative | вражѣ | врага | врази |
Derived terms
Terms derived from врагъ
- врагочьствьно (vragočĭstvĭno, “nefariously”)
- врагочьстивꙑи (vragočĭstivyi, “nefarious”)
- вражедьнꙑи (vražedĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
- вражица (vražica, “she-enemy”)
- вражьбьникъ (vražĭbĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
- вражьбьнꙑи (vražĭbĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity”)
- вражьдебьнꙑи (vražĭdebĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражьдивъ (vražĭdivŭ, “spiteful”)
- вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
- вражьдолюбьнѣ (vražĭdoljubĭně, “odiously”)
- вражьдолюбьць (vražĭdoljubĭcĭ, “enmity-lover”)
- вражьдьникъ (vražĭdĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
- вражьдьница (vražĭdĭnica, “she-enemy”)
- вражьдьныи (vražĭdĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражьнꙑи (vražĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражьскꙑи (vražĭskyi, “hostile, related to enemy”)
Related terms
- врагуша (vraguša, “fever”)
- вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
- враженꙑи (vraženyi, “enchanted”)
- вражитель (vražitelĭ, “soothsayer”)
- вражити (vražiti, “to enchant”)
- вражьба (vražĭba, “cure”)
Descendants
References
- Sreznevskij, I. I. (1893), “врагъ”, in Materialy dlja slovarja drevne-russkago jazyka po pisʹmennym pamjatnikam [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language According to Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 310
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