ворогъ

Old East Slavic

FWOTD – 20 June 2014

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from which Old East Slavic врагъ (vragŭ), that existed parallelly with and in Russian gradually subseded the original form, derives. See also Lithuanian var̃gas (“hardship, misery”), dialectal Latvian vā̀rgs (“misery”), Old Prussian wargan (“misery, suffering”) (accusative singular).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈvoroɡŭ/

Noun

ворогъ (vorogŭ) m

  1. an enemy, foe
    • 1377, Лаврентьевская летопись (Laurentian Codex), the Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6603 (1095):
      […] се тꙑ не шелъ ѥси с нама на поганꙑꙗ . иже погубили суть землю Русьскую . а се у тобе есть Итларевичь . любо убии любо и даи нама . то есть ворогъ Русьстѣи земли.
      […] se ty ne šelŭ jesi s nama na poganyja . iže pogubili sutĭ zemlju Rusĭskuju . a se u tobe estĭ Itlarevičĭ . ljubo ubii ljubo i dai nama . to estĭ vorogŭ Rusĭstěi zemli.
      […] you did not fight with us against the pagans that destroyed the land of the Rus, while you keep the son of Itlar - either kill him or give him to us, for he is the enemy of Rus.

Declension

Derived terms

  • ворожьбитъ (vorožĭbitŭ, “enemy”)
  • ворожьда (vorožĭda, “enmity”)
  • ворожьство (vorožĭstvo, “hostility”)
  • ворожа (voroža, “enchantment”)
  • ворожениѥ (voroženije, “augury, enchanting”)
  • ворожеꙗ (vorožeja, “enchantress”)
  • ворожити (vorožiti, “to augur, enchant”)

Descendants

References

  • Sreznevskij, I. I. (1893), “ворогъ”, in Materialy dlja slovarja drevne-russkago jazyka po pisʹmennym pamjatnikam [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language According to Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 302
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