Τίγρης
See also: τίγρης
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- Τῐ́γρῐς (Tígris)
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (t-i-g-r-a /Tigrā/), from Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (ti-ig-ra), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (ÍDIdigna, ÍDIdigina, literally “fast as an arrow”), because Tigris is rough and fast flowing compared to the neighboring Euphrates. Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (Arvand, “Tigris”, literally “swift”) (compare Avestan -𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (-auruuant)).[1] Compare also Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (ÍDIdiqlat) from the same Sumerian word, borrowed into Classical Syriac ܕܩܠܬ (deqlāṯ), Old Armenian Դգլաթ (Dglatʿ), Arabic دِجْلَة (dijla), Hebrew חידקל \ חִדֶּקֶל (ḥiddéqel).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tí.ɡrɛːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɡres/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
Proper noun
Τῐ́γρης • (Tígrēs) m (genitive Τῐ́γρητος); third declension
- the river Tigris
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ Τῐ́γρης ho Tígrēs | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ Τῐ́γρητος toû Tígrētos | ||||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ Τῐ́γρητῐ tôi Tígrēti | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν Τῐ́γρητᾰ tòn Tígrēta | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | Τῐ́γρης Tígrēs | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts. | ||||||||||||
Descendants
References
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,028
- ↑ Jahanshah Derakhshani, “Some Earliest Traces of the Aryan: Evidence from the 4th and 3rd Millennium B.C.”, Iran and the Caucasus, vol. 5 (Leiden: Brill, 2001), 11.
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