Gymnema sylvestre

Gymnema sylvestre

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Euasterids I Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Asclepiadoideae
Tribus: Marsdenieae
Genus: Gymnema
Species: Gymnema sylvestre

Name

Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. in A.Rees, 1811.

Synonyms

Basionym
- Periploca sylvestris Retz., Observ. Bot. 2: 15 (1781).

Homotypic
- Marsdenia sylvestris (Retz.) P.I.Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 8: 694 (1995).

Heterotypic
- Apocynum alterniflorum Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 168 (1790).
- Periploca tenuifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 6: 129 (1820), nom. illeg.
- Strophanthus alterniflorus (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 638 (1824).
- Gymnema parvifolium Wall., Tent. Fl. Napal.: 50 (1826).
- Cynanchum subvolubile Schumach. & Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 150 (1827).
- Asclepias geminata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 2: 45 (1832).
- Gymnema rufescens Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 9: 277 (1838).
- Gymnema subvolubile (Schumach. & Thonn.) Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 9: 277 (1838).
- Conocalpis umbellata Bojer ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 621 (1844).
- Cynanchum senegalense Sieber ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 621 (1844), not validly publ.
- Gymnema affine Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 622 (1844).
- Gymnema humile Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 621 (1844).
- Gymnema melicida Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 21: 174 (1852).
- Gymnema sylvestre var. chinense Benth., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 54 (1853).
- Gymnema mkenii Harv., Gen. S. Afr. Pl., ed. 2: 239 (1868), nom. nud.
- Gymnema sylvestre var. ceylanicum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 29 (1883).
- Gymnema formosanum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 307 (1907).
- Gymnema sylvestre var. affine (Decne.) Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2: 197 (1934).
- Gymnema alterniflorum (Lour.) Merr., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 24(2): 318 (1935).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
- - Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea, Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Chad, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, D.R. Congo (Zaire), Congo (Brazzaville), Central African Republic, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, W-Tanzania, N-Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal), Namibia, Botswana, Madagascar
Continental: Asie
- - China (Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, India (E-, N- & peninsular India), Indonesia, Ryukyu Isl., peninsular Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Nepal, Laos

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDGW – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Brown, R., 1811. Cycl. 17: n.º 4

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Gymnema sylvestre in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 08.

Hassler, M. 2018. Gymnema sylvestre. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi, J., Penev L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 08.

International Plant Names Index. 2018. Gymnema sylvestre. Published online. Accessed Oct. 08 2018.

The Plant List 2013. Gymnema sylvestre in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 08.

Tropicos.org 2018. Gymnema sylvestre . Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 08.

USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Gymnema sylvestre in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed on 08-Apr-12.

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