vuka

Xhosa

Verb

-vuka^?

(intransitive) to wake up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Verb

-vúka

(intransitive) to wake up, to awaken
(intransitive) to rise from the dead, to be resurrected
(intransitive) to rise, to get up
(intransitive) to get into a rage

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuvuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuvuka	ukungavuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	vuka	vuke
Plural	vukani	vukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyavuka, ngivuka	engivukayo, engivuka	ngivuka	angivuki	engingavuki	ngingavuki
2nd singular	uyavuka, uvuka	ovukayo, ovuka	uvuka	awuvuki	ongavuki	ungavuki
1st plural	siyavuka, sivuka	esivukayo, esivuka	sivuka	asivuki	esingavuki	singavuki
2nd plural	niyavuka, nivuka	enivukayo, enivuka	nivuka	anivuki	eningavuki	ningavuki
Class 1	uyavuka, uvuka	ovukayo, ovuka	evuka	akavuki	ongavuki	engavuki
Class 2	bayavuka, bavuka	abavukayo, abavuka	bevuka	abavuki	abangavuki	bengavuki
Class 3	uyavuka, uvuka	ovukayo, ovuka	uvuka	awuvuki	ongavuki	ungavuki
Class 4	iyavuka, ivuka	evukayo, evuka	ivuka	ayivuki	engavuki	ingavuki
Class 5	liyavuka, livuka	elivukayo, elivuka	livuka	alivuki	elingavuki	lingavuki
Class 6	ayavuka, avuka	avukayo, avuka	evuka	awavuki	angavuki	engavuki
Class 7	siyavuka, sivuka	esivukayo, esivuka	sivuka	asivuki	esingavuki	singavuki
Class 8	ziyavuka, zivuka	ezivukayo, ezivuka	zivuka	azivuki	ezingavuki	zingavuki
Class 9	iyavuka, ivuka	evukayo, evuka	ivuka	ayivuki	engavuki	ingavuki
Class 10	ziyavuka, zivuka	ezivukayo, ezivuka	zivuka	azivuki	ezingavuki	zingavuki
Class 11	luyavuka, luvuka	oluvukayo, oluvuka	luvuka	aluvuki	olungavuki	lungavuki
Class 14	buyavuka, buvuka	obuvukayo, obuvuka	buvuka	abuvuki	obungavuki	bungavuki
Class 15	kuyavuka, kuvuka	okuvukayo, okuvuka	kuvuka	akuvuki	okungavuki	kungavuki
Class 17	kuyavuka, kuvuka	okuvukayo, okuvuka	kuvuka	akuvuki	okungavuki	kungavuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngivukile, ngivukē	engivukile, engivukē	ngivukile, ngivukē	angivukanga	engingavukanga	ngingavukanga
2nd singular	uvukile, uvukē	ovukile, ovukē	uvukile, uvukē	awuvukanga	ongavukanga	ungavukanga
1st plural	sivukile, sivukē	esivukile, esivukē	sivukile, sivukē	asivukanga	esingavukanga	singavukanga
2nd plural	nivukile, nivukē	enivukile, enivukē	nivukile, nivukē	anivukanga	eningavukanga	ningavukanga
Class 1	uvukile, uvukē	ovukile, ovukē	evukile, evukē	akavukanga	ongavukanga	engavukanga
Class 2	bavukile, bavukē	abavukile, abavukē	bevukile, bevukē	abavukanga	abangavukanga	bengavukanga
Class 3	uvukile, uvukē	ovukile, ovukē	uvukile, uvukē	awuvukanga	ongavukanga	ungavukanga
Class 4	ivukile, ivukē	evukile, evukē	ivukile, ivukē	ayivukanga	engavukanga	ingavukanga
Class 5	livukile, livukē	elivukile, elivukē	livukile, livukē	alivukanga	elingavukanga	lingavukanga
Class 6	avukile, avukē	avukile, avukē	evukile, evukē	awavukanga	angavukanga	engavukanga
Class 7	sivukile, sivukē	esivukile, esivukē	sivukile, sivukē	asivukanga	esingavukanga	singavukanga
Class 8	zivukile, zivukē	ezivukile, ezivukē	zivukile, zivukē	azivukanga	ezingavukanga	zingavukanga
Class 9	ivukile, ivukē	evukile, evukē	ivukile, ivukē	ayivukanga	engavukanga	ingavukanga
Class 10	zivukile, zivukē	ezivukile, ezivukē	zivukile, zivukē	azivukanga	ezingavukanga	zingavukanga
Class 11	luvukile, luvukē	oluvukile, oluvukē	luvukile, luvukē	aluvukanga	olungavukanga	lungavukanga
Class 14	buvukile, buvukē	obuvukile, obuvukē	buvukile, buvukē	abuvukanga	obungavukanga	bungavukanga
Class 15	kuvukile, kuvukē	okuvukile, okuvukē	kuvukile, kuvukē	akuvukanga	okungavukanga	kungavukanga
Class 17	kuvukile, kuvukē	okuvukile, okuvukē	kuvukile, kuvukē	akuvukanga	okungavukanga	kungavukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāvuka	engāvuka	ngāvuka	angivukanga	engingavukanga	ngingavukanga
2nd singular	wāvuka	owāvuka	wāvuka	awuvukanga	ongavukanga	ungavukanga
1st plural	sāvuka	esāvuka	sāvuka	asivukanga	esingavukanga	singavukanga
2nd plural	nāvuka	enāvuka	nāvuka	anivukanga	eningavukanga	ningavukanga
Class 1	wāvuka	owāvuka	āvuka	akavukanga	ongavukanga	engavukanga
Class 2	bāvuka	abāvuka	bāvuka	abavukanga	abangavukanga	bengavukanga
Class 3	wāvuka	owāvuka	wāvuka	awuvukanga	ongavukanga	ungavukanga
Class 4	yāvuka	eyāvuka	yāvuka	ayivukanga	engavukanga	ingavukanga
Class 5	lāvuka	elāvuka	lāvuka	alivukanga	elingavukanga	lingavukanga
Class 6	āvuka	āvuka	āvuka	awavukanga	angavukanga	engavukanga
Class 7	sāvuka	esāvuka	sāvuka	asivukanga	esingavukanga	singavukanga
Class 8	zāvuka	ezāvuka	zāvuka	azivukanga	ezingavukanga	zingavukanga
Class 9	yāvuka	eyāvuka	yāvuka	ayivukanga	engavukanga	ingavukanga
Class 10	zāvuka	ezāvuka	zāvuka	azivukanga	ezingavukanga	zingavukanga
Class 11	lwāvuka	olwāvuka	lwāvuka	aluvukanga	olungavukanga	lungavukanga
Class 14	bāvuka	obāvuka	bāvuka	abuvukanga	obungavukanga	bungavukanga
Class 15	kwāvuka	okwāvuka	kwāvuka	akuvukanga	okungavukanga	kungavukanga
Class 17	kwāvuka	okwāvuka	kwāvuka	akuvukanga	okungavukanga	kungavukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingavuka	—	ngingavuka	ngingevuke	—	ngingevuke
2nd singular	ungavuka	—	ungavuka	ungevuke	—	ungevuke
1st plural	singavuka	—	singavuka	singevuke	—	singevuke
2nd plural	ningavuka	—	ningavuka	ningevuke	—	ningevuke
Class 1	angavuka	—	engavuka	angevuke	—	engevuke
Class 2	bangavuka	—	bengavuka	bangevuke	—	bengevuke
Class 3	ungavuka	—	ungavuka	ungevuke	—	ungevuke
Class 4	ingavuka	—	ingavuka	ingevuke	—	ingevuke
Class 5	lingavuka	—	lingavuka	lingevuke	—	lingevuke
Class 6	angavuka	—	engavuka	angevuke	—	engevuke
Class 7	singavuka	—	singavuka	singevuke	—	singevuke
Class 8	zingavuka	—	zingavuka	zingevuke	—	zingevuke
Class 9	ingavuka	—	ingavuka	ingevuke	—	ingevuke
Class 10	zingavuka	—	zingavuka	zingevuke	—	zingevuke
Class 11	lungavuka	—	lungavuka	lungevuke	—	lungevuke
Class 14	bungavuka	—	bungavuka	bungevuke	—	bungevuke
Class 15	kungavuka	—	kungavuka	kungevuke	—	kungevuke
Class 17	kungavuka	—	kungavuka	kungevuke	—	kungevuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizovuka	engizovuka	ngizovuka	angizuvuka	—	ngingezuvuka
2nd singular	uzovuka	ozovuka	uzovuka	awuzuvuka	—	ungezuvuka
1st plural	sizovuka	esizovuka	sizovuka	asizuvuka	—	singezuvuka
2nd plural	nizovuka	enizovuka	nizovuka	anizuvuka	—	ningezuvuka
Class 1	uzovuka	ozovuka	ezovuka	akazuvuka	—	engezuvuka
Class 2	bazovuka	abazovuka	bezovuka	abazuvuka	—	bengezuvuka
Class 3	uzovuka	ozovuka	uzovuka	awuzuvuka	—	ungezuvuka
Class 4	izovuka	ezovuka	izovuka	ayizuvuka	—	ingezuvuka
Class 5	lizovuka	elizovuka	lizovuka	alizuvuka	—	lingezuvuka
Class 6	azovuka	azovuka	ezovuka	awazuvuka	—	engezuvuka
Class 7	sizovuka	esizovuka	sizovuka	asizuvuka	—	singezuvuka
Class 8	zizovuka	ezizovuka	zizovuka	azizuvuka	—	zingezuvuka
Class 9	izovuka	ezovuka	izovuka	ayizuvuka	—	ingezuvuka
Class 10	zizovuka	ezizovuka	zizovuka	azizuvuka	—	zingezuvuka
Class 11	luzovuka	oluzovuka	luzovuka	aluzuvuka	—	lungezuvuka
Class 14	buzovuka	obuzovuka	buzovuka	abuzuvuka	—	bungezuvuka
Class 15	kuzovuka	okuzovuka	kuzovuka	akuzuvuka	—	kungezuvuka
Class 17	kuzovuka	okuzovuka	kuzovuka	akuzuvuka	—	kungezuvuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyovuka	engiyovuka	ngiyovuka	angiyuvuka	—	ngingeyuvuka
2nd singular	uyovuka	oyovuka	uyovuka	awuyuvuka	—	ungeyuvuka
1st plural	siyovuka	esiyovuka	siyovuka	asiyuvuka	—	singeyuvuka
2nd plural	niyovuka	eniyovuka	niyovuka	aniyuvuka	—	ningeyuvuka
Class 1	uyovuka	oyovuka	eyovuka	akayuvuka	—	engeyuvuka
Class 2	bayovuka	abayovuka	beyovuka	abayuvuka	—	bengeyuvuka
Class 3	uyovuka	oyovuka	uyovuka	awuyuvuka	—	ungeyuvuka
Class 4	iyovuka	eyovuka	iyovuka	ayiyuvuka	—	ingeyuvuka
Class 5	liyovuka	eliyovuka	liyovuka	aliyuvuka	—	lingeyuvuka
Class 6	ayovuka	ayovuka	eyovuka	awayuvuka	—	engeyuvuka
Class 7	siyovuka	esiyovuka	siyovuka	asiyuvuka	—	singeyuvuka
Class 8	ziyovuka	eziyovuka	ziyovuka	aziyuvuka	—	zingeyuvuka
Class 9	iyovuka	eyovuka	iyovuka	ayiyuvuka	—	ingeyuvuka
Class 10	ziyovuka	eziyovuka	ziyovuka	aziyuvuka	—	zingeyuvuka
Class 11	luyovuka	oluyovuka	luyovuka	aluyuvuka	—	lungeyuvuka
Class 14	buyovuka	obuyovuka	buyovuka	abuyuvuka	—	bungeyuvuka
Class 15	kuyovuka	okuyovuka	kuyovuka	akuyuvuka	—	kungeyuvuka
Class 17	kuyovuka	okuyovuka	kuyovuka	akuyuvuka	—	kungeyuvuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngivuke	ngingavuki
2nd singular	uvuke	ungavuki
1st plural	sivuke	singavuki
2nd plural	nivuke	ningavuki
Class 1	avuke	angavuki
Class 2	bavuke	bangavuki
Class 3	uvuke	ungavuki
Class 4	ivuke	ingavuki
Class 5	livuke	lingavuki
Class 6	avuke	angavuki
Class 7	sivuke	singavuki
Class 8	zivuke	zingavuki
Class 9	ivuke	ingavuki
Class 10	zivuke	zingavuki
Class 11	luvuke	lungavuki
Class 14	buvuke	bungavuki
Class 15	kuvuke	kungavuki
Class 17	kuvuke	kungavuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngavuka	angivuka
2nd singular	wavuka	awuvuka
1st plural	savuka	asivuka
2nd plural	navuka	anivuka
Class 1	wavuka	akavuka
Class 2	bavuka	abavuka
Class 3	wavuka	awuvuka
Class 4	yavuka	ayivuka
Class 5	lavuka	alivuka
Class 6	avuka	awavuka
Class 7	savuka	asivuka
Class 8	zavuka	azivuka
Class 9	yavuka	ayivuka
Class 10	zavuka	azivuka
Class 11	lwavuka	aluvuka
Class 14	bavuka	abuvuka
Class 15	kwavuka	akuvuka
Class 17	kwavuka	akuvuka

Derived terms

-vukela (applicative)
-vukisa, -vusa (causative)
-vukeka (neuter-passive)
-vukwa (passive)
-vukile (stative)
ivuka
imvuka
umvuka
uvuko

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “vuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vuka (6-3.9)”

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