travailler

French

Etymology

From Middle French travailler, from Old French traveillier (“to suffer”), from Vulgar Latin *tripaliāre, present active infinitive of *tripaliō (“to torture; to toil, labor”), from tripalium (“torture instrument”), from Latin tripālis (“having three stakes”). Compare Franco-Provençal travalyer, Catalan treballar, Portuguese trabalhar and Spanish trabajar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tʁa.va.je/
  • audio(file)

Verb

travailler

  1. to work
  2. to study
  3. to struggle
    "Elle, qui n'était pas grosse comme un œuf / envieuse s'étend, et s'enfle, et se travaille / pour égaler l'animal en grosseur" - Jean De La Fontaine
    It, no larger than an egg, envious, elongated, stretched, and struggled / to equal the animal in size

Conjugation

Synonyms

Further reading

Middle French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old French traveiller.

Verb

travailler

  1. to suffer (be in a state of suffering)

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
   Conjugation of travailler
simple compound
infinitive travailler avoir travaillé
gerund en travaillant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle travaillant
past participle travaillé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (may be i' before a vowel) tu il nous vous ilz, elles
simple
tenses		 present travaille travailles travaille travaillons travaillez travaillent
imperfect travaillois, travailloys travaillois, travailloys travailloit, travailloyt travaillions, travaillyons travailliez, travaillyez travailloient, travailloyent
past historic travailla travaillas travailla travaillasmes travaillastes travaillerent
future travaillerai, travailleray travailleras travaillera travaillerons travaillerez travailleront
conditional travaillerois, travailleroys travaillerois, travailleroys travailleroit, travailleroyt travaillerions, travailleryons travailleriez, travailleryez travailleroient, travailleroyent
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que ie que tu qu'il que nous que vous qu'ilz, qu'elles
simple
tenses		 present travaille travailles travaille travaillons travaillez travaillent
imperfect travaillasse travaillasses travaillast travaillassions travaillassiez travaillassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— travaille — travaillons travaillez —

Descendants

Old French

Verb

travailler

  1. Alternative form of traveillier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-aill, *-aills, *-aillt are modified to ail, auz, aut. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of travailler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive travailler avoir travaillé
gerund en travaillant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle travaillant
past participle travaillé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present travail travailles travaille travaillons travaillez travaillent
imperfect travailloie, travailleie, travailloe, travailleve travailloies, travailleies, travailloes, travailleves travailloit, travailleit, travaillot, travailleve travailliiens, travailliens travailliiez, travailliez travailloient, travailleient, travailloent, travaillevent
preterite travaillai travaillas travailla travaillames travaillastes travaillerent
future travaillerai travailleras travaillera travaillerons travailleroiz, travaillereiz, travaillerez travailleront
conditional travailleroie, travaillereie travailleroies, travaillereies travailleroit, travaillereit travailleriiens, travailleriens travailleriiez, travailleriez travailleroient, travaillereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present travail travauz travaut travaillons travaillez travaillent
imperfect travaillasse travaillasses travaillast travaillissons, travaillissiens travaillissoiz, travaillissez, travaillissiez travaillassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— travaille — travaillons travaillez —
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