steven

See also: Steven, Stephen, and Stéven

English

Alternative forms

  • steaven, stevven, stevvon
  • steavyn, stevin (15th-16th centuries)
  • stevin, stewyn, stewyne, stewin, stevyne, steuin, stewn (Scotland)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstiːvən/

Etymology 1

From Middle English steven (“voice, command, constitution”), from Old English stefn, stemn (“voice”), from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō (“voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *stomen- (“mouth, muzzle”). Cognate with Old Frisian stifne, stemme (“voice”), Old Saxon stemna (“voice”) (Dutch stem), Old High German stimma, stimna (“voice”) (German Stimme), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰 (stibna, “voice”), Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”). See also stevvon.

Noun

steven (plural stevens)

  1. (Britain dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) The voice, now especially when loud or strong.
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter xij, in Le Morte Darthur, book XXI:
      Soo wythin syx wekye after syr Launcelot fyl seek and laye in his bedde & thenne he sente for the bysshop that there was heremyte and al his trewe felowes / Than Syr Launcelot sayd wyth drery steuen / syr bysshop I praye you gyue to me al my ryghtes that longeth to a chrysten man
    • a1801, Richard Gall, Poems & Songs (1819) 93:
      Then could her Sangsters loud their steven raise.
    • 1865, William Stott Banks, List Provinc. Words Wakefield:
      Thah's a rare stevven, lad.
    • a1886, Eric Mackay, Love Lett. Violinist (1895) 197:
      He […] lifted up his steven To keep the bulwarks of his faith secure.
  2. (obsolete) Speech, language.
  3. (obsolete) Voice; cry; that which is uttered; petition; prayer.
  4. (obsolete) A word, command, bidding or direction given.
  5. (archaic) A promise, one's word.
  6. (obsolete) An outcry, shout, or loud call; a clamour/clamor, noise; din.
    • 1826, James Hogg, Queen Hynde vi, in Poems (1865) 262:
      All nature roar'd in one dire steven; Heaven cried to earth, and earth to heaven.
  7. (obsolete) A sound, the sound of a horn; melody, tune; song; sound made by an animal or a bird.
    • 1566, William Addlington, translator, The Golden Asse, Apuleius
      […] whereby the little birds weening that the spring time had bin come, did chirp and sing in their steven melodiously
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

steven (third-person singular simple present stevens, present participle stevening, simple past and past participle stevened)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To speak; utter; describe; tell of; name.
  2. (transitive, obsolete) To voice an opinion; vote.
  3. (transitive, archaic) To vouch; speak up (for).
  4. (transitive, dialectal) To bespeak.
  5. (intransitive, dialectal) To talk; call out; shout; make a noise.
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English steven (“appointment”), from Old English stefn (“a time, turn, tour of duty”), from Proto-Germanic *stabnijaz, *stabnijô (“fixed time”), from Proto-Indo-European *stebh- (“a stake, post; to support, stamp, insist, become angry”). Cognate with Middle Low German stevene (“a court appointment”), Old Norse stefna (“appointment, meeting”). More at staff.

Noun

steven (plural stevens)

  1. (obsolete) A time, occasion.
    • 1788, Samuel Johnson, George Steevens, The dramatick writings of Will. Shakspere, with the Notes of all the various Commentators:
      I should choose to read "at this dull season," rather than this dull steven, [...]— John Monck Mason.
  2. (obsolete) A set time; a date or appointment.
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VIII:
      And that same nyght that the steavyn was sette betwyxte Segwarydes wyff and Sir Trystrames, so Kynge Marke armed and made hym redy [...].

Verb

steven (third-person singular simple present stevens, present participle stevening, simple past and past participle stevened)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To call; summon; command; appoint.
  2. (intransitive, obsolete) To alternate; take turns.

Derived terms

  • to set steven
  • unset steven

Further reading

  • steven at OneLook Dictionary Search
  • steven in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
  • steven in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913

Anagrams

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch stēvene.

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key): /ˈsteːvə(n)/
  • Hyphenation: ste‧ven

Noun

steven m (plural stevens)

  1. the part of a ship's deck that stretches along the entire length of the keel including the bow and the stern

Derived terms

Anagrams

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English stefn, stemn (“voice, sound”). More at steven.

Alternative forms

Noun

steven (plural stevens)

  1. The voice of a human being; a voice.
  2. A vocal sound.
  3. sound; tonal pattern.
  4. Manner of speaking.

Etymology 2

From Old English stefn (“appointed time”).

Alternative forms

Noun

steven

  1. time, set time, appointment
    • c. 1385, Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Knight's Tale’, Canterbury Tales:
      It is ful fair a man to bere hym euene, / For al day meeten men at vnset steuene.
  2. period of time, occasion
    • 1398, John Trevisa, trans. Bartholomaeus, De Proprietatibus Rerum:
    • Suche stenche is continual and comeþ nouȝt by stemnes.
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Scots

Alternative forms

  • stevin
  • stewyn

Etymology

From Middle English stewin, from Old English stefn (“voice”), from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō (“voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *stomen- (“mouth, muzzle”). Cognates: see above, steven.

Noun

steven (plural stevens)

  1. voice
  2. a loud outcry
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