scyld

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃyld/

Etymology 1

From earlier scield.

Noun

sċyld m

Alternative form of scield

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *skuldiz (“guilt”), from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be guilty, be obligated, owe”). Cognate with Old Frisian schuld, Old Saxon skuld (“crime, due”), Old High German sculd (German Schuld), Old Norse skuld. Related to shall, should.

Noun

sċyld f

offense, fault, crime, guilt, sin
Hé his scylde forgyfenysse bæd. — He begs forgiveness for his sins.
obligation, liability, due, debt
Hé ða scyld forlét wið hine. — He forlet (forgave) the debt with him.

Derived terms

Terms derived from scyld

dēaþscyld f. — crime worthy of death
dēaþscyldig — condemned to death
efenscyldig — evenly, equally guilty
feorhscyldig — guilty of death
forscyldigian — to condemn.
forscyldigod, forscyldegod — guilty
frumscyld f. — original sin
godscyld f. — sin against God, impiety
godscyldig — impious
morþorscyldig — guilty of murder
nîedscyld — f. moral necessity
scyldan — to accuse

scyldfrecu — f. wicked craving, yearning
scyldful — sinful, guilty
scyldgian, scyldigian — to sin; place in the position of a criminal, render liable to punishment
scyldgung f. — sum demanded as wergeld
scyldig — guilty, criminal, sinful

ealdres scyldig — having forfeited his life: liable, responsible, in debt to

scyldignes — f. guilt,
scyldlēas — guiltless
scyldlǣta m. — bailiff
scyldwīte n. — fine for a crime of violence
scyldwreccende ptc. — avenging sin
scyldwyrcende — evil-doing
synscyldig — wicked

twiscyldig — liable to a double penalty
unscyld f. — innocency
unscyldgung f. — innocence
unscyldig — guiltless, innocent, not responsible
unscyldiglic — excusable
unscyldiglīce — adv innocently
unscyldignes — f. innocence.
þēofscyldig f. — guilty of theft
þurhscyldig — very guilty
ġescyld
ǣscyldian — to offend

Descendants

Middle English: shīld, schüld
- English: shild

References

1916, John R. Clark, "A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary for the Use of Students", scyld et al.
Bosworth, J. (2010, March 21). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online (T. N. Toller & Others, Eds.). scyld. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/027109

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