philosopher
English
Alternative forms
- phylosopher (nonstandard)
Etymology
From Anglo-Norman or Middle French philosophe, from Latin philosophus, from Ancient Greek φιλόσοφος (philósophos, literally “lover of wisdom”) + -er.
Credited as having been coined by Pythagoras to describe himself.[1][2]
Pronunciation
Noun
philosopher (plural philosophers)
- (originally) A lover of wisdom.
- A student of philosophy.
- A scholar or expert engaged in or contributing to philosophical inquiry.
- 2007, Harold Bloom, Bloom's Modern Critical Views: Stephen King
- Their playwrights knew better. Scandal, murder, hair-rending and railing against the gods sold tickets. King is not a philosopher. He knows how to sell tickets.
- 2007, Harold Bloom, Bloom's Modern Critical Views: Stephen King
- (archaic) A person who applies the principles of philosophy to the conduct of their life.
- 1611, Bible (King James Version), Acts 17:18:
- Then certaine Philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoikes, encountred him
- 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice
- This is not the sort of happiness which a man would in general wish to owe to his wife; but where other powers of entertainment are wanting, the true philosopher will derive benefit from such as are given.
-
- (archaic) A student, scholar, or expert in any branch of knowledge, especially those branches studied prior to being considered part of pure science.
- (obsolete) An alchemist.
- 1813, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Canon's Yeoman's Tale
- Then thus conclude I, since that God of heaven
Will not that these philosophers neven
How that a man shall come unto this stone,
I rede as for the best to let it gon.
- Then thus conclude I, since that God of heaven
- 1945, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy
- No further progress was made in this science until the Mohammedan alchemists embarked upon their search for the philosopher's stone, the elixir of life, and a method of transmuting base metals into gold.
- 1813, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Canon's Yeoman's Tale
Antonyms
Related terms
Translations
person devoted to studying philosophy
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References
- ↑ Attributed dates to Roman antiquity: Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, 5.3.8-9 = Heraclides Ponticus fr. 88 Wehrli, Diogenes Laertius 1.12, 8.8, Iamblichus VP 58.
- ↑ This view has been challenged by Walter Burkert, but it has been defended by C.J. De Vogel, Pythagoras and Early Pythagoreanism (1966), pp. 97–102, and C. Riedweg, Pythagoras: His Life, Teaching, And Influence (2005), p. 92.
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fe/
Verb
philosopher
- to philosophize
Conjugation
Conjugation of philosopher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | philosopher | avoir philosophé | |||||
| gerund | en philosophant | en ayant philosophé | |||||
| present participle | philosophant /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | philosophé /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fe/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | philosophe /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
philosophes /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
philosophe /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
philosophons /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fɔ̃/ |
philosophez /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fe/ |
philosophent /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
| imperfect | philosophais /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fɛ/ |
philosophais /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fɛ/ |
philosophait /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fɛ/ |
philosophions /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fjɔ̃/ |
philosophiez /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fje/ |
philosophaient /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | philosophai /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fe/ |
philosophas /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fa/ |
philosopha /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fa/ |
philosophâmes /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fam/ |
philosophâtes /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fat/ |
philosophèrent /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fɛʁ/ | |
| future | philosopherai /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁe/ |
philosopheras /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁa/ |
philosophera /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁa/ |
philosopherons /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁɔ̃/ |
philosopherez /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁe/ |
philosopheront /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | philosopherais /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁɛ/ |
philosopherais /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁɛ/ |
philosopherait /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁɛ/ |
philosopherions /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
philosopheriez /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fə.ʁje/ |
philosopheraient /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | philosophe /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
philosophes /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
philosophe /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
philosophions /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fjɔ̃/ |
philosophiez /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fje/ |
philosophent /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
| imperfect1 | philosophasse /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fas/ |
philosophasses /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fas/ |
philosophât /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fa/ |
philosophassions /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fa.sjɔ̃/ |
philosophassiez /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fa.sje/ |
philosophassent /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fas/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | philosophe /fi.lɔ.zɔf/ |
— | philosophons /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fɔ̃/ |
philosophez /fi.lɔ.zɔ.fe/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Further reading
- “philosopher” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Verb
philosopher
- first-person singular present active subjunctive of philosophor
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