ouvrir

French

Etymology

From Middle French ouvrir, from Old French ovrir, obrir, from Vulgar Latin *operīre, alteration of Classical Latin aperīre, present active infinitive of aperiō (“I open”), perhaps under the influence of cooperīre (“to cover”) (whence couvrir).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /u.vʁiʁ/
  • audio(file)
  • (Louisiana) IPA(key): [uvæɾ], [ɾuvɾɪɾ]
  • Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

ouvrir

  1. (transitive) to open
  2. (transitive) to begin
  3. (reflexive, s'ouvrir, of a door, a gate) to open (become open)

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like couvrir and offrir. It is conjugated like a regular -er verb in the present and imperfect indicative, present subjunctive, imperative, and present participle; it is conjugated like a regular -ir verb in the infinitive, future indicative, conditional, past historic, and imperfect subjunctive; and its past participle ouvert is irregular.

  Conjugation of ouvrir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive ouvrir avoir ouvert
gerund en ouvrant en ayant ouvert
present participle ouvrant
/u.vʁɑ̃/
past participle ouvert
/u.vɛʁ/
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il nous vous ils
simple
tenses		 present ouvre
/uvʁ/		 ouvres
/uvʁ/		 ouvre
/uvʁ/		 ouvrons
/u.vʁɔ̃/		 ouvrez
/u.vʁe/		 ouvrent
/uvʁ/
imperfect ouvrais
/u.vʁɛ/		 ouvrais
/u.vʁɛ/		 ouvrait
/u.vʁɛ/		 ouvrions
/u.vʁi.jɔ̃/		 ouvriez
/u.vʁi.je/		 ouvraient
/u.vʁɛ/
past historic1 ouvris
/u.vʁi/		 ouvris
/u.vʁi/		 ouvrit
/u.vʁi/		 ouvrîmes
/u.vʁim/		 ouvrîtes
/u.vʁit/		 ouvrirent
/u.vʁiʁ/
future ouvrirai
/u.vʁi.ʁe/		 ouvriras
/u.vʁi.ʁa/		 ouvrira
/u.vʁi.ʁa/		 ouvrirons
/u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/		 ouvrirez
/u.vʁi.ʁe/		 ouvriront
/u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/
conditional ouvrirais
/u.vʁi.ʁɛ/		 ouvrirais
/u.vʁi.ʁɛ/		 ouvrirait
/u.vʁi.ʁɛ/		 ouvririons
/u.vʁi.ʁjɔ̃/		 ouvririez
/u.vʁi.ʁje/		 ouvriraient
/u.vʁi.ʁɛ/
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior1 Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il que nous que vous qu’ils
simple
tenses		 present ouvre
/uvʁ/		 ouvres
/uvʁ/		 ouvre
/uvʁ/		 ouvrions
/u.vʁi.jɔ̃/		 ouvriez
/u.vʁi.je/		 ouvrent
/uvʁ/
imperfect1 ouvrisse
/u.vʁis/		 ouvrisses
/u.vʁis/		 ouvrît
/u.vʁi/		 ouvrissions
/u.vʁi.sjɔ̃/		 ouvrissiez
/u.vʁi.sje/		 ouvrissent
/u.vʁis/
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect1 Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— ouvre
/uvʁ/		 — ouvrons
/u.vʁɔ̃/		 ouvrez
/u.vʁe/		 —
1literary tenses

This verb is conjugated like couvrir and offrir. It is conjugated like a regular -er verb in the present and imperfect indicative, present subjunctive, imperative, and present participle; it is conjugated like a regular -ir verb in the infinitive, future indicative, conditional, past historic, and imperfect subjunctive; and its past participle ouvert is irregular.

  Conjugation of s'ouvrir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive s'ouvrir s'être ouvert
gerund en s'ouvrant en s'étant ouvert
present participle s'ouvrant
/s‿u.vʁɑ̃/
past participle ouvert
/u.vɛʁ/
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il nous vous ils
simple
tenses		 present m'ouvre
/m‿uvʁ/		 t'ouvres
/t‿uvʁ/		 s'ouvre
/s‿uvʁ/		 nous ouvrons
/nu.z‿u.vʁɔ̃/		 vous ouvrez
/vu.z‿u.vʁe/		 s'ouvrent
/s‿uvʁ/
imperfect m'ouvrais
/m‿u.vʁɛ/		 t'ouvrais
/t‿u.vʁɛ/		 s'ouvrait
/s‿u.vʁɛ/		 nous ouvrions
/nu.z‿u.vʁi.jɔ̃/		 vous ouvriez
/vu.z‿u.vʁi.je/		 s'ouvraient
/s‿u.vʁɛ/
past historic1 m'ouvris
/m‿u.vʁi/		 t'ouvris
/t‿u.vʁi/		 s'ouvrit
/s‿u.vʁi/		 nous ouvrîmes
/nu.z‿u.vʁim/		 vous ouvrîtes
/vu.z‿u.vʁit/		 s'ouvrirent
/s‿u.vʁiʁ/
future m'ouvrirai
/m‿u.vʁi.ʁe/		 t'ouvriras
/t‿u.vʁi.ʁa/		 s'ouvrira
/s‿u.vʁi.ʁa/		 nous ouvrirons
/nu.z‿u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/		 vous ouvrirez
/vu.z‿u.vʁi.ʁe/		 s'ouvriront
/s‿u.vʁi.ʁɔ̃/
conditional m'ouvrirais
/m‿u.vʁi.ʁɛ/		 t'ouvrirais
/t‿u.vʁi.ʁɛ/		 s'ouvrirait
/s‿u.vʁi.ʁɛ/		 nous ouvririons
/nu.z‿u.vʁi.ʁjɔ̃/		 vous ouvririez
/vu.z‿u.vʁi.ʁje/		 s'ouvriraient
/s‿u.vʁi.ʁɛ/
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of s'être followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of s'être followed by the past participle
past anterior1 Use the past historic tense of s'être followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of s'être followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of s'être followed by the past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il que nous que vous qu’ils
simple
tenses		 present m'ouvre
/m‿uvʁ/		 t'ouvres
/t‿uvʁ/		 s'ouvre
/s‿uvʁ/		 nous ouvrions
/nu.z‿u.vʁi.jɔ̃/		 vous ouvriez
/vu.z‿u.vʁi.je/		 s'ouvrent
/s‿uvʁ/
imperfect1 m'ouvrisse
/m‿u.vʁis/		 t'ouvrisses
/t‿u.vʁis/		 s'ouvrît
/s‿u.vʁi/		 nous ouvrissions
/nu.z‿u.vʁi.sjɔ̃/		 vous ouvrissiez
/vu.z‿u.vʁi.sje/		 s'ouvrissent
/s‿u.vʁis/
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive tense of s'être followed by the past participle
pluperfect1 Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of s'être followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— ouvre-toi
/uvʁ.‿twa/		 — ouvrons-nous
/u.vʁɔ̃.‿nu/		 ouvrez-vous
/u.vʁe.‿vu/		 —
1literary tenses

Antonyms

Derived terms

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French ovrir.

Verb

ouvrir

  1. to open

Descendants

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