nḏm

See also: NDM and nDm

Egyptian

From Proto-Afro-Asiatic *nx̣m. Cognate with Proto-Semitic *nʿm-.^[1]

(adjective:)

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛd͡ʒɛm/
- Conventional anglicization: nedjem

3-lit.

Conjugation of nḏm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nḏm, geminated stem: nḏmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
nḏm	nḏmw, nḏm	nḏmt	nḏm	nḏm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
nḏm	ḥr nḏm	m nḏm	r nḏm

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	nḏm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	nḏm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	nḏm	nḏm, nḏmw⁵, nḏmy⁵
imperfective	nḏm, nḏmy, nḏmw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	nḏm, nḏmj⁶, nḏmy⁶	nḏm, nḏmw⁵
prospective	nḏm, nḏmtj⁷	—	nḏmtj⁴, nḏmt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nḏm

nḏm

sweet
pleasant, charming
- c. 1450 BCE, The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Cairo Museum 34010:
  
  nḏmwj jmꜣt.k r šnbt.j
  [How] pleasant is your grace to my breast!

Declension of nḏm (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	nḏm	nḏmt
dual	nḏmwj	nḏmtj
plural	nḏmw	nḏmwt¹, nḏmt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

See under the verb section above.

Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, revised second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 121, 241
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 128
Middle Egyptian Grammar: The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Dr. Gabor Toth, Rutgers University.

1 2 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 32

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