kinza

Swahili

Verb

-kinza (infinitive kukinza)

to oppose, object, obstruct

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kinza

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kukinza

kutokinza

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

kinza

kinzeni

Habitual

hukinza

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilikinza nalikinza	tulikinza twalikinza	ulikinza walikinza	mlikinza mwalikinza	alikinza	walikinza	ulikinza	ilikinza	lilikinza	yalikinza	kilikinza	vilikinza	ilikinza	zilikinza	ulikinza	kulikinza	palikinza	mulikinza
Relative	niliokinza naliokinza	tuliokinza twaliokinza	uliokinza waliokinza	mliokinza mwaliokinza	aliokinza	waliokinza	uliokinza	iliokinza	liliokinza	yaliokinza	kiliokinza	viliokinza	iliokinza	ziliokinza	uliokinza	kuliokinza	paliokinza	muliokinza
Negative	sikukinza	hatukukinza	hukukinza	hamkukinza	hakukinza	hawakukinza	haukukinza	haikukinza	halikukinza	hayakukinza	hakikukinza	havikukinza	haikukinza	hazikukinza	haukukinza	hakukukinza	hapakukinza	hamukukinza

Present
Positive	ninakinza nakinza	tunakinza	unakinza	mnakinza	anakinza	wanakinza	unakinza	inakinza	linakinza	yanakinza	kinakinza	vinakinza	inakinza	zinakinza	unakinza	kunakinza	panakinza	munakinza
Relative	ninaokinza naokinza	tunaokinza	unaokinza	mnaokinza	anaokinza	wanaokinza	unaokinza	inaokinza	linaokinza	yanaokinza	kinaokinza	vinaokinza	inaokinza	zinaokinza	unaokinza	kunaokinza	panaokinza	munaokinza
Negative	sikinzi	hatukinzi	hukinzi	hamkinzi	hakinzi	hawakinzi	haukinzi	haikinzi	halikinzi	hayakinzi	hakikinzi	havikinzi	haikinzi	hazikinzi	haukinzi	hakukinzi	hapakinzi	hamukinzi

Future
Positive	nitakinza	tutakinza	utakinza	mtakinza	atakinza	watakinza	utakinza	itakinza	litakinza	yatakinza	kitakinza	vitakinza	itakinza	zitakinza	utakinza	kutakinza	patakinza	mutakinza
Relative	nitakaokinza	tutakaokinza	utakaokinza	mtakaokinza	atakaokinza	watakaokinza	utakaokinza	itakaokinza	litakaokinza	yatakaokinza	kitakaokinza	vitakaokinza	itakaokinza	zitakaokinza	utakaokinza	kutakaokinza	patakaokinza	mutakaokinza
Negative	sitakinza	hatutakinza	hutakinza	hamtakinza	hatakinza	hawatakinza	hautakinza	haitakinza	halitakinza	hayatakinza	hakitakinza	havitakinza	haitakinza	hazitakinza	hautakinza	hakutakinza	hapatakinza	hamutakinza

Subjunctive
Positive	nikinze	tukinze	ukinze	mkinze	akinze	wakinze	ukinze	ikinze	likinze	yakinze	kikinze	vikinze	ikinze	zikinze	ukinze	kukinze	pakinze	mukinze
Negative	nisikinze	tusikinze	usikinze	msikinze	asikinze	wasikinze	usikinze	isikinze	lisikinze	yasikinze	kisikinze	visikinze	isikinze	zisikinze	usikinze	kusikinze	pasikinze	musikinze

Present Conditional
Positive	ningekinza	tungekinza	ungekinza	mngekinza	angekinza	wangekinza	ungekinza	ingekinza	lingekinza	yangekinza	kingekinza	vingekinza	ingekinza	zingekinza	ungekinza	kungekinza	pangekinza	mungekinza
Negative	nisingekinza singekinza	tusingekinza hatungekinza	usingekinza hungekinza	msingekinza hamngekinza	asingekinza hangekinza	wasingekinza hawangekinza	usingekinza haungekinza	isingekinza haingekinza	lisingekinza halingekinza	yasingekinza hayangekinza	kisingekinza hakingekinza	visingekinza havingekinza	isingekinza haingekinza	zisingekinza hazingekinza	usingekinza haungekinza	kusingekinza hakungekinza	pasingekinza hapangekinza	musingekinza hamungekinza

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalikinza	tungalikinza	ungalikinza	mngalikinza	angalikinza	wangalikinza	ungalikinza	ingalikinza	lingalikinza	yangalikinza	kingalikinza	vingalikinza	ingalikinza	zingalikinza	ungalikinza	kungalikinza	pangalikinza	mungalikinza
Negative	nisingalikinza singalikinza	tusingalikinza hatungalikinza	usingalikinza hungalikinza	msingalikinza hamngalikinza	asingalikinza hangalikinza	wasingalikinza hawangalikinza	usingalikinza haungalikinza	isingalikinza haingalikinza	lisingalikinza halingalikinza	yasingalikinza hayangalikinza	kisingalikinza hakingalikinza	visingalikinza havingalikinza	isingalikinza haingalikinza	zisingalikinza hazingalikinza	usingalikinza haungalikinza	kusingalikinza hakungalikinza	pasingalikinza hapangalikinza	musingalikinza hamungalikinza

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelikinza	tungelikinza	ungelikinza	mngelikinza	angelikinza	wangelikinza	ungelikinza	ingelikinza	lingelikinza	yangelikinza	kingelikinza	vingelikinza	ingelikinza	zingelikinza	ungelikinza	kungelikinza	pangelikinza	mungelikinza

General Relative
Positive	nikinzao	tukinzao	ukinzao	mkinzao	akinzao	wakinzao	ukinzao	ikinzao	likinzao	yakinzao	kikinzao	vikinzao	ikinzao	zikinzao	ukinzao	kukinzao	pakinzao	mukinzao
Negative	nisiokinza	tusiokinza	usiokinza	msiokinza	asiokinza	wasiokinza	usiokinza	isiokinza	lisiokinza	yasiokinza	kisiokinza	visiokinza	isiokinza	zisiokinza	usiokinza	kusiokinza	pasiokinza	musiokinza

Gnomic
Positive	nakinza	twakinza	wakinza	mwakinza	akinza	wakinza	wakinza	yakinza	lakinza	yakinza	chakinza	vyakinza	yakinza	zakinza	wakinza	kwakinza	pakinza	mwakinza

Perfect
Positive	nimekinza	tumekinza	umekinza	mmekinza	amekinza	wamekinza	umekinza	imekinza	limekinza	yamekinza	kimekinza	vimekinza	imekinza	zimekinza	umekinza	kumekinza	pamekinza	mumekinza

"Already"
Positive	nimeshakinza	tumeshakinza	umeshakinza	mmeshakinza	ameshakinza	wameshakinza	umeshakinza	imeshakinza	limeshakinza	yameshakinza	kimeshakinza	vimeshakinza	imeshakinza	zimeshakinza	umeshakinza	kumeshakinza	pameshakinza	mumeshakinza

"Not yet"
Negative	sijakinza	hatujakinza	hujakinza	hamjakinza	hajakinza	hawajakinza	haujakinza	haijakinza	halijakinza	hayajakinza	hakijakinza	havijakinza	haijakinza	hazijakinza	haujakinza	hakujakinza	hapajakinza	hamujakinza

"If/When"
Positive	nikikinza	tukikinza	ukikinza	mkikinza	akikinza	wakikinza	ukikinza	ikikinza	likikinza	yakikinza	kikikinza	vikikinza	ikikinza	zikikinza	ukikinza	kukikinza	pakikinza	mukikinza

"If not"
Negative	nisipokinza	tusipokinza	usipokinza	msipokinza	asipokinza	wasipokinza	usipokinza	isipokinza	lisipokinza	yasipokinza	kisipokinza	visipokinza	isipokinza	zisipokinza	usipokinza	kusipokinza	pasipokinza	musipokinza

Consecutive
Positive	nikakinza	tukakinza	ukakinza	mkakinza	akakinza	wakakinza	ukakinza	ikakinza	likakinza	yakakinza	kikakinza	vikakinza	ikakinza	zikakinza	ukakinza	kukakinza	pakakinza	mukakinza

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Reciprocal: -kinzana

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