jwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːi/
- Conventional anglicization: iwi

Verb

anom.

(intransitive) to come
(intransitive) to return

Usage notes

By Middle Egyptian, this verb and its synonym jj were apparently conflated into one, with some inflections of the verb using one stem and some using the other.

Inflection

Conjugation of jwj (anomalous / anom.) — base stem: j, jj, jw, geminated stem: jw, jww

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jt, jjt, jwt	jw	jwt	mj, jj, jw	mj, my, jj, jw

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jj⁵, jw⁵	ḥr jt, ḥr jjt, ḥr jwt	m jt, m jjt, m jwt	r jt, r jjt, r jwt

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	jj.n, jw.n	consecutive	jw.jn, jj.jn
terminative	jt, jyt, jjt, jwt	consecutive	jw.jn, jj.jn
perfective³	jw, jj	obligative	jw.ḫr
imperfective	jw, jj, jy	obligative	jw.ḫr
prospective³	jw, jwy	potentialis	jw.kꜣ
subjunctive	jwt	potentialis	jw.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	j.n, jj.n	—	—
perfective	j	jj, jy	—
imperfective	jw, jww, jyw	jwy	—
prospective	—	jwtj⁴, jwt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Third-person masculine statives of this verb often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwj

jwj

Derived terms

Verb

3ae inf.

(transitive) to leave boatless, to maroon, to strand

Inflection

Conjugation of jwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jwt, jwj	jww, jw	jwt, jwwt, jwyt	jw	jw, jwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jw⁸	ḥr jwt, ḥr jwj	m jwt, m jwj	r jwt, r jwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jw.n	jww, jw, jwy	consecutive	jw.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jw.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jwt, jwyt
perfective³	jw	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative	jw.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	jw, jwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative	jw.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jww, jw, jwy	jww, jw, jwy	potentialis	jw.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jww, jw, jwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	jw, jwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jw.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jww¹, jwy, jw	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jw	jwy, jw
imperfective	jw, jwy, jww⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jw, jwj⁶, jwy⁶	jw, jww⁵
prospective	jww¹, jwy, jw, jwtj⁷	—	jwwtj^{1 4}, jwtj⁴, jwt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

References

Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, revised second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 159, 276, 455

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