helmus

Latin

Alternative forms

elmus, hermus

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *helm (“helmet”).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈhel.mus/, [ˈhɛɫ.mʊs]

Noun

helmus m (genitive helmī); second declension^[1]^[2]^[3]

helmet

Declension

Second declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	helmus	helmī
genitive	helmī	helmōrum
dative	helmō	helmīs
accusative	helmum	helmōs
ablative	helmō	helmīs
vocative	helme	helmī

Descendants

Old French: helme, healme, heaume, hiaume, elme
- Middle French: heaume, helme, elme
  - French: heaume
- → Middle English: healme, helm (confluence with Old English helm)
  - English: helm
- ⇒ Old French: helmet (diminutive)
  - Middle French: heaumet, armet
    - French: armet
    - → Catalan: elmet
    - Italian: elmetto
    - → Middle English: healmet, helmet (displacing Old English helm)
      - English: helmet
    - → Spanish: elmete
Iberian:
- Asturian: yelmu
- Old Portuguese: elmo
  - Portuguese: elmo
  - Galician: elmo
- Spanish: yelmo
Italian: elmo
Old Occitan: elm
- Catalan: elm
- Occitan: èlm
Sardinian: elmu

References

↑ Blaise, Albert (1975), “helmus”, in Dictionnaire latin-français des auteurs du moyen-âge: lexicon latinitatis medii aevi (Corpus christianorum) (in Latin, French), Turnhout: Brepols, page 435
↑ Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “helmus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus (in Latin), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 484
↑ helmus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

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