firmus

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē). Cognates include Sanskrit धरति (dharati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/), Persian دار‎ (dār, “have, hold”) Lithuanian derė́ti and Russian держать (deržát’).[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfir.mus/, [ˈfɪr.mʊs]

Adjective

firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus); first/second declension

  1. stable, strong, firm
  2. faithful, steadfast, true

Inflection

First/second declension.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative firmus firma firmum firmī firmae firma
genitive firmī firmae firmī firmōrum firmārum firmōrum
dative firmō firmō firmīs
accusative firmum firmam firmum firmōs firmās firma
ablative firmō firmā firmō firmīs
vocative firme firma firmum firmī firmae firma

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “firmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 223

Further reading

  • firmus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • firmus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • firmus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • a strong, striking proof: argumentum firmum, magnum
  • firmus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • firmus in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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