esquiver
French
Etymology
From Middle French esquiver (“to escape”), from Spanish esquivar (“to avoid, reject, elude”), from esquivo (“contemptuous, loathsome”), itself from Old French eschiver of East Germanic origin, from Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍃 (skiuhs, “afraid, barefaced”), from Proto-Germanic *skiuhaz (“afraid, frightened”). Cognate with French échiffe and Italian schivo from the same Germanic source. More at shy, eschew.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛs.ki.ve/
Verb
esquiver
Conjugation
Conjugation of esquiver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esquiver | avoir esquivé | |||||
| gerund | en esquivant | en ayant esquivé | |||||
| present participle | esquivant /ɛs.ki.vɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | esquivé /ɛs.ki.ve/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | esquive /ɛs.kiv/ |
esquives /ɛs.kiv/ |
esquive /ɛs.kiv/ |
esquivons /ɛs.ki.vɔ̃/ |
esquivez /ɛs.ki.ve/ |
esquivent /ɛs.kiv/ |
| imperfect | esquivais /ɛs.ki.vɛ/ |
esquivais /ɛs.ki.vɛ/ |
esquivait /ɛs.ki.vɛ/ |
esquivions /ɛs.ki.vjɔ̃/ |
esquiviez /ɛs.ki.vje/ |
esquivaient /ɛs.ki.vɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | esquivai /ɛs.ki.ve/ |
esquivas /ɛs.ki.va/ |
esquiva /ɛs.ki.va/ |
esquivâmes /ɛs.ki.vam/ |
esquivâtes /ɛs.ki.vat/ |
esquivèrent /ɛs.ki.vɛʁ/ | |
| future | esquiverai /ɛs.ki.vʁe/ |
esquiveras /ɛs.ki.vʁa/ |
esquivera /ɛs.ki.vʁa/ |
esquiverons /ɛs.ki.vʁɔ̃/ |
esquiverez /ɛs.ki.vʁe/ |
esquiveront /ɛs.ki.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | esquiverais /ɛs.ki.vʁɛ/ |
esquiverais /ɛs.ki.vʁɛ/ |
esquiverait /ɛs.ki.vʁɛ/ |
esquiverions /ɛs.ki.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
esquiveriez /ɛs.ki.və.ʁje/ |
esquiveraient /ɛs.ki.vʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | esquive /ɛs.kiv/ |
esquives /ɛs.kiv/ |
esquive /ɛs.kiv/ |
esquivions /ɛs.ki.vjɔ̃/ |
esquiviez /ɛs.ki.vje/ |
esquivent /ɛs.kiv/ |
| imperfect1 | esquivasse /ɛs.ki.vas/ |
esquivasses /ɛs.ki.vas/ |
esquivât /ɛs.ki.va/ |
esquivassions /ɛs.ki.va.sjɔ̃/ |
esquivassiez /ɛs.ki.va.sje/ |
esquivassent /ɛs.ki.vas/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | esquive /ɛs.kiv/ |
— | esquivons /ɛs.ki.vɔ̃/ |
esquivez /ɛs.ki.ve/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Further reading
- “esquiver” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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