encombrer

French

Etymology

From Middle French encombrer, from Old French encombrer (“to hinder, burden, encumber”), from Medieval Latin incombrō (“to hinder, inconvenience, burden”), from Medieval Latin combrus (“barricade of felled trees”), possibly from Gaulish *komberū, from Proto-Celtic *kombereti (“to bring together”) (compare Old Irish conbeir (“brings together, bears”)), from *kom- +‎ *bereti (“to bear”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (“to be carrying”).[1][2] Alternatively from Latin cumulus (“heap, pile”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”).[3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.kɔ̃.bʁe/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

encombrer

  1. (transitive) to block off, to clutter, to clutter up, to congest
  2. (transitive) to encumber, to burden
  3. (transitive) to jam (e.g. a switchboard)

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “combrus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus (in Latin), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 204
  2. ↑ “encombrer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
  3. ↑ “encombre” in An etymological dictionary of the French language, Oxford University Press, 1837.

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From combre, more at encombrer.

Verb

encombrer

  1. to bother; to irritate; to annoy
  2. to burden

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of encombrer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive encombrer avoir encombré
gerund en encombrant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle encombrant
past participle encombré
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present encombre encombres encombre encombrons encombrez encombrent
imperfect encombroie, encombreie, encombroe, encombreve encombroies, encombreies, encombroes, encombreves encombroit, encombreit, encombrot, encombreve encombriiens, encombriens encombriiez, encombriez encombroient, encombreient, encombroent, encombrevent
preterite encombrai encombras encombra encombrames encombrastes encombrerent
future encombrerai encombreras encombrera encombrerons encombreroiz, encombrereiz, encombrerez encombreront
conditional encombreroie, encombrereie encombreroies, encombrereies encombreroit, encombrereit encombreriiens, encombreriens encombreriiez, encombreriez encombreroient, encombrereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present encombre encombres encombre encombrons encombrez encombrent
imperfect encombrasse encombrasses encombrast encombrissons, encombrissiens encombrissoiz, encombrissez, encombrissiez encombrassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— encombre — encombrons encombrez —

Descendants

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.