bruken

Low German

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan, from Proto-Germanic *brūkaną.

Verb

bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)

  1. to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)
    Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.
    You don’t need to wait for me.
    (or Du musst nich op mi to töven, see usage notes).

Conjugation

Usage notes

  • In a negative sentence, möten or dörven are often used instead of bruken. For example, “you don’t need to go yet” is usually translated by du musst noch nich gahn instead of du bruukst noch nich to gahn.
  • The verb nödig hebben is used to express the need of something.

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną.

Verb

bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)

  1. to use

Conjugation

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *brūkan, from Proto-Germanic *brūkaną.

Verb

bruken

  1. to use
  2. to enjoy (the use/benefit of)
  3. to lease (of land)
  4. to sell (of small things)

Inflection

Weak
Infinitive bruken
3rd sg. past —
3rd pl. past —
Past participle —
Infinitive bruken
In genitive brukens
In dative brukene
Indicative Present Past
1st singular bruke —
2nd singular bruucs, brukes —
3rd singular bruuct, bruket —
1st plural bruken —
2nd plural bruuct, bruket —
3rd plural bruken —
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular bruke —
2nd singular bruucs, brukes —
3rd singular bruke —
1st plural bruken —
2nd plural bruuct, bruket —
3rd plural bruken —
Imperative Present
Singular bruuc, bruke
Plural bruuct, bruket
Present Past
Participle brukende —

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

  • “bruken”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “bruken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Old Saxon brūkan, from Proto-Germanic *brūkaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bruːkən/

Verb

brûken

  1. to use, utilise, to make use of either an object or a right
  2. to enjoy, to have use from
  3. to need
  4. to work in a craft

Declension

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

bruken m, n

  1. definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Noun

bruken m, n

  1. definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)

Swedish

Noun

bruken

  1. definite plural of bruk
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