Jurchen

English

Alternative forms

  • Jurched, Jurchet
  • (uncommon): Jurgen

Etymology

Siberians capturing a reindeer

A modern reconstruction of the early Jurchen form of the name (likely actually *Jörcen),[1] attested in Chinese transcription as 竹里真 (Zhúlǐzhēn), pronounced Trjuwk-li-tsyin in Middle Chinese, and Khitan transcription as Julisen,[2] developed under the influence of Manchu Jurcit[1] and Mongolian жүрчид (žürčid).[3] Vajda argues for a derivation from a Proto-Tungusic word meaning "reindeer people", cognate with the Orochs of Russia's Khabarovsk Province and the Oroks of Sakhalin.[4]

Noun

Jurchen (usually uncountable, plural Jurchens)

  1. (uncountable) A medieval and early modern Tungusic people, progenitors of the Manchus.
  2. (countable) An individual member of the Jurchen people.

Synonyms

  • Nurchen, Nuzhen, Nuzhi, Nüzhen, Nuchen
  • (inexact): Jin
  • (obsolete): Eastern Tartars, Golden Tartars

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Proper noun

Jurchen

  1. An extinct East Asian language (code jur), related to Manchu.

Synonyms

  • Nurchen

Translations

References

  1. 1 2 Janhunen, Juha. "From Choson to Jucher: On the Possibilities of Ethnonymic Continuity in Greater Manchuria", Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, Vol. 9, Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 2004, pp. 67 ff.
  2. ↑ Aisin Gioro Ulhicun & al. "Manchuria from the Fall of the Yuan to the Rise of the Manchu State (1368–1636)", Ritsumeikan Bungaku, No. 601, 2007, p. 12.
  3. ↑ Hoong Teik Toh, Materials for a Geneaology of the Niohuru Clan with Introductory Remarks on Manchu Onomastics, Aetas Manjurica, No. 10, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 2005, 28.
  4. ↑ Vajda, Edward. "Manchu (Jurchen)" for East Asian Studies 210: Introduction to Nomadic Cultures, Western Washington University, 2000.
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