-ость
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ostь. Some authors claim that the suffix -ость (-ostĭ) is merged from double suffixation *-ot-tь, but there is a lot of evidence that suffix *-ostь already existed in Late Proto-Slavic. Also, compare Old Armenian -ստ (-st).
Suffix
-ость • (-ostĭ)
- -ness, -ity; deadjectival nominalizing suffix used to create an i-stem feminine noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a quality.
- чистъ (čistŭ, “clean, pure”) → чистость (čistostĭ, “purity”)
- крѣпъ (krěpŭ, “strong”) → крѣпость (krěpostĭ, “strength”)
- мѫдръ (mǫdrŭ, “wise”) → мѫдрость (mǫdrostĭ, “wisdom”)
- боуи (bui, “stupid”) → боуѥсть (bujestĭ, “stupidity”)
- добль (doblĭ, “valiant”) → доблѥсть (dobljestĭ, “valor”)
- горькъ (gorĭkŭ, “bitter”) → горѥсть (gorjestĭ, “bitterness”)
Usage notes
When attached to a soft (palatal) stem, the variant -есть (-estĭ) is used.
Declension
Declension of -ость (i-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ость -ostĭ |
-ости -osti |
-ости -osti |
| Accusative | -ость -ostĭ |
-ости -osti |
-ости -osti |
| Genitive | -ости -osti |
-остью, -остию -ostĭju, -ostiju |
-остьи, -остии -ostĭi, -ostii |
| Locative | -ости -osti |
-остью, -остию -ostĭju, -ostiju |
-остьхъ -ostĭxŭ |
| Dative | -ости -osti |
-остьма -ostĭma |
-остьмъ -ostĭmŭ |
| Instrumental | -остьѭ, -остиѭ -ostĭjǫ, -ostijǫ |
-остьма -ostĭma |
-остьми -ostĭmi |
| Vocative | -ости -osti |
-ости -osti |
-ости -osti |
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Old_Church_Slavonic_words_suffixed_with_-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C'>Old Church Slavonic words suffixed with -ость</a>
Russian
Alternative forms
- -есть (-estʹ)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ostь
Suffix
-ость • (-ostʹ) f
- -ness, -ity (used to form abstract nouns from adjectives)
- твёрдый (tvjórdyj, “hard”) → твёрдость (tvjórdostʹ, “hardness”)
- бе́дный (bédnyj, “poor”) → бе́дность (bédnostʹ, “poorness”)
- лихо́й (lixój, “daring”) → ли́хость (líxostʹ, “bravery, daring”)
- гла́сный (glásnyj, “open”) → гла́сность (glásnostʹ, “openness”)
- ста́рый (stáryj, “old”) → ста́рость (stárostʹ, “old age”)
- безгра́мотный (bezgrámotnyj, “illiterate”) → безгра́мотность (bezgrámotnostʹ, “illiteracy”)
- безнадёжный (beznadjóžnyj, “hopeless”) → безнадёжность (beznadjóžnostʹ, “hopelessness”)
Declension
Declension of -ость (inan fem-form 3rd-decl accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ость -ostʹ |
-ости -osti |
| genitive | -ости -osti |
-остей -ostej |
| dative | -ости -osti |
-остям -ostjam |
| accusative | -ость -ostʹ |
-ости -osti |
| instrumental | -остью -ostʹju |
-остями -ostjami |
| prepositional | -ости -osti |
-остях -ostjax |
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_words_suffixed_with_-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C'>Russian words suffixed with -ость</a>
- гнилость (gnilostʹ, “putridity”)
- пёстрость (pjóstrostʹ, “diversity”)
- смуглость (smuglostʹ, “darkness [of skin]”)
Related terms
Related terms
- -арность (-arnostʹ)
- -ентность (-entnostʹ)
- -енциозность (-encioznostʹ)
- -ивность (-ivnostʹ)
- -ность (-nostʹ)
- -ярность (-jarnostʹ)
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