𒂊𒌍𒄯
Hittite
Etymology
From Proto-Anatolian *ʔésHr̥ (genitive *ʔsHanós), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (genitive *h₁sh₂éns). Anatolian cognates include Cuneiform Luwian 𒀀𒀸𒄩𒅈 (āšḫar, “blood”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn), and Old Latin assyr. Original PIE heteroclitic inflection as been preserved in Hittite, with a shift from proterodynamic to hysterodynamic class.
Noun
𒂊𒌍𒄯 • (ēšḫar) n
Inflection
| Phonemic transcription (IPA) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Neuter gender | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | ˈɛsχːr̩ | – |
| accusative | ˈɛsχːr̩ | – |
| genitive | isχːaˈnas | – |
| dative-locative | isχːˈani | – |
| allative | isχːaˈna | – |
| ablative | isχːaˈnat͡s | – |
| instrumental | isχːˈant, isχːˈanit | – |
| The IPA values given in this table are reconstructed. | ||
| Broad transcription | ||
|---|---|---|
| Neuter gender | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | ēšḫar | – |
| accusative | ēšḫar | – |
| genitive | išḫanaš | – |
| dative-locative | išḫani | – |
| allative | išḫana | – |
| ablative | išḫanaz(a) | – |
| instrumental | išḫanta, išḫanit | – |
| Transliteration | ||
|---|---|---|
| Neuter gender | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | e-eš-ḫar | – |
| accusative | e-eš-ḫar | – |
| genitive | iš-ḫa-na-aš | – |
| dative-locative | iš-ḫa-ni | – |
| allative | iš-ḫa-na | – |
| ablative | iš-ḫa-na-az | – |
| instrumental | iš-ḫa-an-ta, iš-ḫa-ni-it | – |
| Cuneiform | ||
|---|---|---|
| Neuter gender | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | 𒂊𒌍𒄯 | – |
| accusative | 𒂊𒌍𒄯 | – |
| genitive | 𒅖𒄩𒈾𒀸 | – |
| dative-locative | 𒅖𒄩𒉌 | – |
| allative | 𒅖𒄩𒈾 | – |
| ablative | 𒅖𒄩𒈾𒊍 | – |
| instrumental | 𒅖𒄩𒀭𒋫, 𒅖𒄩𒉌𒀉 | – |
Derived terms
- 𒅖𒄩𒉡𒉿𒀭𒍝 (iš-ḫa-nu-wa-an-za, “bloody”)
- 𒂊𒌍𒄩𒀸𒃷𒍝 (e-es-ḫa-aš-kán-za, “bloodied”)
- 𒅖𒄯𒉿𒀭𒍝 (is-ḫar-wa-an-za, “bloody”)
- 𒂊𒌍𒄯𒉡𒈠𒀀𒌋𒉿𒀭𒍣 (e-eš-ḫar-nu-ma-a-u-wa-an-zi, “to make bloody, to smear with blood”)
References
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 256ff
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