閣下

See also: 阁下

Chinese

		council-chamber; shelf	under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
trad. (閣下)		閣	下
simp. (阁下)		阁	下

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): géxià

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gok³ haa⁶
Min Nan (POJ): koh-hǎ / koh-hā / kok-hēe / kok-hā

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: géxià
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gershiah
  - IPA ^(key): /kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯a̠⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gok³ haa⁶
  - Yale: gok hah
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gok⁸ haa⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gog³ ha⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /kɔːk̚³ hɑː²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh-hǎ
  - Tâi-lô: koh-hǎ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ko(ʔ)⁵ ha²²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh-hā
  - Tâi-lô: koh-hā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koihha
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-hēe
  - Tâi-lô: kok-hēe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-hā
  - Tâi-lô: kok-hā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kokha
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

Noun

閣下

(literary) Your Excellency; His or Her Excellency; Your Honour
(archaic) at the foot of a tower or pavilion

Usage notes

Originally a term of respect toward members of the nobility; became a more generic term of respect later on.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
閣	下
かく > かっ Grade: 6	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

閣下 (hiragana かっか, rōmaji kakka)

(your, his, her) Excellency

Korean

Hanja in this term
閣	下

Noun

閣下 • (gakha) (hangeul 각하)

Hanja form^? of 각하 (“Excellency; President”).

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