豆蔻
Chinese
| bean; sacrificial vessel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (豆蔻/荳蔻) | 豆/荳 | 蔻 | |
| simp. (豆蔻) | 豆 | 蔻 | |
| alt. forms | 豆寇 | ||
Etymology
Perhaps a variant of Tang-dynasty 多骨 (MC tɑ kuət̚), referring to cardamom imported from the Kakkola (伽古羅) country on the western coast of the Malaya Peninsula, which the Chinese from the eighth century thought produced both the nutmegs and the round cardamom (Amomum compactum), the latter possibly imported from Java (Donkin, 2003).
Compare Sanskrit तक्कोल (takkola, “a kind of perfume”), कक्कोल (kakkola, “a kind of plant; a perfume”), Pali takkola, Arabic قاقُلَّة (qāqulla, “cardamom”), Tibetan ཀ་ཀོ་ལ (ka ko la, “cardamom”), Javanese kapulaga.
Li Shizhen interprets this word as a compound of 豆 (“bean(-like)”) + 蔻 (“many; profusion”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ ㄎㄡˋ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowkow
- IPA (key): /toʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dau6 kau3
- Yale: dauh kau
- Cantonese Pinyin: dau6 kau3
- Guangdong Romanization: deo6 keo3
- IPA (key): /tɐu̯²² kʰɐu̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu-khò͘ / tō͘-khò͘
- Tâi-lô: tāu-khòo / tōo-khòo
- Phofsit Daibuun: dauxqox, doxqox
- IPA (Xiamen): /taʊ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /taʊ⁴¹⁻²² kʰɔ⁴¹/, /tɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /taʊ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /taʊ³³⁻¹¹ kʰɔ¹¹/, /tɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰɔ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /taʊ³³⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/, /tɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰɔ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 豆 | 蔻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 田候切 | 呼漏切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/dəuH/ | /həuH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/dəuH/ | /həuH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/dəuH/ | /xəuH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/dəwH/ | /həwH/ |
| Li Rong |
/duH/ | /xuH/ |
| Wang Li |
/dəuH/ | /xəuH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱə̯uH/ | /xə̯uH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dòu | hòu |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 豆 | 蔻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2466 | 7500 |
| Phonetic component |
豆 | 寇 |
| Rime group |
侯 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
蔻 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*doːs/ | /*qʰoːs/ |
Noun
豆蔻
- cardamom, especially the round cardamom (Amomum compactum)
- Alternative name for 肉豆蔻 (ròudòukòu, “nutmeg”).
- (figuratively) girl's teenage years (especially 13–14 years of age); maidenhood; budding beauty
Synonyms
- (cardamom): 小豆蔻 (xiǎodòukòu)
Derived terms
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