紛紛

See also: 纷纷

Chinese

		numerous; confused; disorderly	numerous; confused; disorderly
trad. (紛紛)		紛	紛
simp. (纷纷)		纷	纷

Etymology

Ideophonic: A reduplication of 紛 (OC *pʰɯn, “silk ribbon; disordered, confused → numerous”). Attested in Guanzi and Mengzi, meaning "disorderly, confused". Possibly cognate with 煩 (OC *ban, “annoyed; numerous”), 繁 (OC *baːl, *baːn, *ban, “numerous”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēnfēn

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣㄈㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹ fan¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-fûn
Min Nan (POJ): hun-hun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fēnfēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣㄈㄣ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenfen
  - IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan¹ fan¹
  - Yale: fān fān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹ fan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen¹ fen¹
  - IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-fûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun´ fun´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun¹ fun¹
  - IPA: /fun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-hun
  - Tâi-lô: hun-hun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunhwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ hun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /pʰɨun pʰɨun/▼

Rime
Character	紛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	撫文切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiun/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰun/
Li Rong	/pʰiuən/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯn pʰɯn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紛
Reading #	1/1
No.	3155
Phonetic component	分
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	芬
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯn/
Notes	撫由府校改

Adjective

紛紛

(ideophonic) numerous and confused; in droves; in great numbers

Derived terms

亂紛紛／乱纷纷
土雨紛紛／土雨纷纷
湎湎紛紛／湎湎纷纷
碎紛紛／碎纷纷
紛紛不一／纷纷不一
紛紛嚷嚷／纷纷嚷嚷
紛紛揚揚／纷纷扬扬
紛紛擁擁／纷纷拥拥
紛紛擾擾／纷纷扰扰
紛紛攘攘／纷纷攘攘

紛紛洋洋／纷纷洋洋
紛紛穰穰／纷纷穰穰
紛紛籍籍／纷纷籍籍
紛紛翼翼／纷纷翼翼
紛紛議論／纷纷议论
紛紛鬧鬧／纷纷闹闹
膠膠紛紛／胶胶纷纷
議論紛紛／议论纷纷
郁郁紛紛／郁郁纷纷
鬧紛紛／闹纷纷

Adverb

紛紛

(ideophonic) one after another; in succession

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