助動詞

See also: 助动词

Chinese

		to help; to assist	verb
trad. (助動詞)		助	動詞
simp. (助动词)		助	动词

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhùdòngcí

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zo⁶ dung⁶ ci⁴
Min Nan (POJ): chō͘-tōng-sû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhùdòngcí
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juhdonqtsyr
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zo⁶ dung⁶ ci⁴
  - Yale: joh duhng chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzo⁶ dung⁶ tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zo⁶ dung⁶ qi⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō͘-tōng-sû
  - Tâi-lô: tsōo-tōng-sû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoxdoxngsuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² su²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔ³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su²³/

Noun

助動詞

(grammar) auxiliary verb

Japanese

Kanji in this term
助	動	詞
じょ Grade: 3	どう Grade: 3	し Grade: 6
on’yomi

Noun

助動詞 (hiragana じょどうし, rōmaji jodōshi)

(grammar) auxiliary verb
(grammar) inflecting suffix or particle in Japanese

Usage notes

The meaning of 助動詞 is different in Western grammar and in traditional Japanese grammar.

られる in 食べられる is analysed as an inflecting suffix in Western grammar, while it is called 助動詞 in traditional Japanese grammar.
いる in している is analysed as an auxiliary verb in Western grammar, while it is called 補助動詞 in traditional Japanese grammar.

References

1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

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