ἶρις
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), then from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). Cognates include English wire, Swedish vira (“to twist”), Latin vieō (“weave together”), Welsh gŵyr (“bent”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /îː.ris/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/
Noun
ἶρις • (îris) f (genitive ῑ̓́ρῐδος); third declension
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ ἶρῐς hē îris |
τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε tṑ ī́ride |
αἱ ῑ̓́ρῐδες hai ī́rides | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος tês ī́ridos |
τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν toîn īrídoin |
τῶν ῑ̓ρῐ́δων tôn īrídōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ ῑ̓́ρῐδῐ têi ī́ridi |
τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν toîn īrídoin |
ταῖς ῑ̓́ρῐσῐ(ν) taîs ī́risi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰ tḕn ī́rida |
τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε tṑ ī́ride |
τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰς tā̀s ī́ridas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἶρῐς îris |
ῑ̓́ρῐδε ī́ride |
ῑ̓́ρῐδες ī́rides | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds. | ||||||||||||
Further reading
- ἶρις in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἶρις in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Greek
Noun
ἶρις • (ἶris)
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