Ἄρης

See also: Άρης and -άρης

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

  • Ἄρευς (Áreus)

Etymology

Usually derived from the Ionic word ἀρή (arḗ, “bane, ruin”)[1], which could be related to Sanskrit इरस्या (irasyā, “malevolence”), suggesting a Proto-Indo-European origin.[2]

However, Morris Silver and Pierre Chantraine propose a derivation from ἄρος (áros, “use, profit, help”) instead.[3]

𐀀𐀩 (a-re), found in Linear B, is thought to be the oldest attested form of the name.[4]

Pronunciation

 

The α (a) is usually short in Homer and tragedy, but sometimes long, e.g. Iliad 5.31, Iliad 2..767, Argonautica 3.1187; and Aeschylus and Sophocles regularly use long ᾱ (ā).

Proper noun

Ἄρης • (Árēs) m (genitive Ᾰ̓́ρεως); third declension

  1. (Greek mythology) Ares
  2. Mars (planet)
  3. war, warlike spirit
  4. epithet of Zeus, "avenger"

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ “Ares” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2018.
  2. ↑ Ἄρης in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
  3. ↑ 1992, Morris Silver, Taking ancient mythology economically, page 162; citing Pierre Chantraine's Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque
  4. ↑ Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers

Further reading

  • Ἄρης in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Ἄρης in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Ἄρης in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • Ἄρης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • Ἄρης in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Ἄρης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2018)
  • Ἄρης in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,002
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
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