सहस्र

Etymology

From Sanskrit सहस्र (sahasra)

Adjective

सहस्र • (sahasr) (Urdu spelling سہسر‎)

1. thousand

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *saĵʰásram (“thousand”), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥ǵʰéslom. Cognates include Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀‎ (hazaŋra), Persian هزار‎ (hezâr), Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi), Latin mīlle.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐ.ɦɐ́s̪.ɽɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐˈɦɐs̪.ɽɐ/

Numeral

सहस्र • (sahásra) n (rarely m)

1. a thousand (with the counted object in the same case, singular or plural)

   सहस्रेण बाहुना (sahasreṇa bāhunā) — with a thousand arms

   सहस्रं भिषजः (sahasraṃ bhiṣajaḥ) — a thousand drugs; or in the genitive:

   द्व्सहास्रे सुवर्णस्य (dv-sahāsre suvarṇasya) — two thousand pieces of gold

   चत्वारि सहस्राण् वर्षाणम् (catvāri sahasrāṇ varṣāṇam) — four thousand years; sometimes in compounds, either at the beginning of:

   युगसहास्रम् (yuga-sahāsram) — a thousand ages, or at the end of a compound:

   सहास्राश्वेन (sahāsrā-śvena) — with a thousand horses; सहस्रम् (sahasram) may also be used as an indeclinable:

   सहस्रम् रिषिभिः (sahasram riṣibhiḥ) — with a thousand rishis; with other numerals it is used thus:

   एकाधिकं सहस्रम् (ekā-dhikaṃ sahasram) or एकसहस्रम् (eka-sahasram) — a thousand one, 1001

   द्व्यधिकं सहस्रम् (dvyadhikaṃ sahasram) — a thousand two, 1002

   एकादशाधिकं सहस्रम् (ekādaśā-dhikaṃ sahasram) or एकादशं सहस्रम् (ekādaśaṃ sahasram) or एकादशसहस्रम् (ekādaśa-sahasram) — a thousand eleven or a thousand having eleven, 1011

   विंशत्यधिकं सहस्रम् (viṃśaty-adhikaṃ sahasram) or विमं सहस्रम् (vimaṃ sahasram) — a thousand twenty, 1020

   द्वे सहस्रे (dve sahasre) or द्विसहच्रम् (dvi-sahacram) — two thousand

   त्रीणि सहस्राणि (trīṇi sahasrāṇi) or त्रिसहस्रम् (tri-sahasram) — three thousand; etc.

2. a thousand cows or gifts (= सहस्रं गव्यम् (sahasraṃ gavyam) etc., used to express wealth)

   सहस्रं शताश्वम् (sahasraṃ śatā-śvam) — a thousand cows and a hundred horses

   • RV 10.62.8c

   पर नूनं जायतामयं मनुस्तोक्मेव रोहतु |

   यः सहस्रंशताश्वं सद्यो दानाय मंहते ||

   pra nūnaṃ jāyatāmayaṃ manustokmeva rohatu |

   yaḥ sahasraṃśatāśvaṃ sadyo dānāya maṃhate ||

   May this man's sons be multiplied; like springing corn may Manu grow,

   Who gives at once in bounteous gift a thousand kine, a hundred steeds.

3. any very large number (in Naighaṇṭuka 3.1 among the बहुनामानि (bahu-nāmāni); compare सहस्रकिरण (sahasra-kiraṇa) etc.)

Adjective

सहस्र • (sahásra)

1. a thousandth or the thousandth (= सहस्रतम (sahasra-tama) which is the better form)

References

• Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1898) A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 1195