شاء
See also: ساء
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ش ي ء (š-y-ʾ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃaː.ʔa/
Verb
شَاءَ • (šāʾa) I, non-past يَشَاءُ (yašāʾu)
- to will, to want, to intend, to wish
-
- زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٱ ٱلْحَيَاةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ وَٱللّٰهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
- zuyyina lillaḏīna kafarū l-ḥayātu d-dunyā wayasḵarūna mina llaḏīna ʾāmanū wāllaḏīna ttaqaw fawqahum yawma l-qiyāmati wal-lāhu yarzuqu man yašāʾu biḡayri ḥisābin
- Beautified is the life of this world for those who disbelieve, and they mock at those who believe. But those who fear [Allah] are above them on the Day of Resurrection, and Allah begifts whom He wills without account.
-
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَاءَ
(form-I hollow, verbal noun مَشِيئَة)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
mašīʾa | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
شَاءٍ šāʾin | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَشِيء mašīʾ | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šiʾtu |
šiʾta |
شَاءَ šāʾa |
شِئْتُمَا šiʾtumā |
شَاءَا šāʾā |
šiʾnā |
šiʾtum |
šāʾū | |||
| f | šiʾti |
šāʾat |
شَاءَتَا šāʾatā |
šiʾtunna |
šiʾna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾašāʾu |
tašāʾu |
yašāʾu |
تَشَاءَانِ tašāʾāni |
يَشَاءَانِ yašāʾāni |
našāʾu |
تَشَائُونَ or تَشَاؤُونَ tašāʾūna |
يَشَائُونَ or يَشَاؤُونَ yašāʾūna | |||
| f | tašāʾīna |
tašāʾu |
تَشَاءَانِ tašāʾāni |
tašaʾna |
yašaʾna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾašāʾa |
tašāʾa |
yašāʾa |
تَشَاءَا tašāʾā |
يَشَاءَا yašāʾā |
našāʾa |
تَشَائُوا or تَشَاؤُوا tašāʾū |
يَشَائُوا or يَشَاؤُوا yašāʾū | |||
| f | tašāʾī |
tašāʾa |
تَشَاءَا tašāʾā |
tašaʾna |
yašaʾna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾašaʾ |
tašaʾ |
yašaʾ |
تَشَاءَا tašāʾā |
يَشَاءَا yašāʾā |
našaʾ |
تَشَائُوا or تَشَاؤُوا tašāʾū |
يَشَائُوا or يَشَاؤُوا yašāʾū | |||
| f | tašāʾī |
tašaʾ |
تَشَاءَا tašāʾā |
tašaʾna |
yašaʾna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | شَأْ šaʾ |
شَاءَا šāʾā |
šāʾū |
||||||||
| f | šāʾī |
šaʾna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šiʾtu |
šiʾta |
šīʾa |
شِئْتُمَا šiʾtumā |
شِيئَا šīʾā |
šiʾnā |
šiʾtum |
šīʾū | |||
| f | šiʾti |
šīʾat |
شِيئَتَا šīʾatā |
šiʾtunna |
šiʾna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾušāʾu |
tušāʾu |
yušāʾu |
تُشَاءَانِ tušāʾāni |
يُشَاءَانِ yušāʾāni |
nušāʾu |
تُشَائُونَ or تُشَاؤُونَ tušāʾūna |
يُشَائُونَ or يُشَاؤُونَ yušāʾūna | |||
| f | tušāʾīna |
tušāʾu |
تُشَاءَانِ tušāʾāni |
tušaʾna |
yušaʾna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾušāʾa |
tušāʾa |
yušāʾa |
تُشَاءَا tušāʾā |
يُشَاءَا yušāʾā |
nušāʾa |
تُشَائُوا or تُشَاؤُوا tušāʾū |
يُشَائُوا or يُشَاؤُوا yušāʾū | |||
| f | tušāʾī |
tušāʾa |
تُشَاءَا tušāʾā |
tušaʾna |
yušaʾna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾušaʾ |
tušaʾ |
yušaʾ |
تُشَاءَا tušāʾā |
يُشَاءَا yušāʾā |
nušaʾ |
تُشَائُوا or تُشَاؤُوا tušāʾū |
يُشَائُوا or يُشَاؤُوا yušāʾū | |||
| f | tušāʾī |
tušaʾ |
تُشَاءَا tušāʾā |
tušaʾna |
yušaʾna | |||||||
Synonyms
- أَرَادَ (ʾarāda)
Related terms
- إِنْ شَاءَ اللّٰهُ (ʾin šāʾa llāhu)
- مَا شَاءَ اللّٰهُ (mā šāʾa llāhu)
Etymology 2
Found under the root ش و ه (š-w-h) in Lane (see below); in Wehr (see below), listed under ش و ء (š-w-ʾ), whereas the paucal plural شِوَاه (šiwāh) is cross-referenced under ش و ه (š-w-h). Compare Hebrew שֶׂה (śe).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃaːʔ/
Noun
شَاء • (šāʾ) m (collective, singulative شَاة (šāh), paucal شِوَاه (šiwāh) or شِيَاه (šiyāh))
Usage notes
The gender of the collective is unclear; it is also unclear if it varies depending on the meaning. The forms شِوَاه (šiwāh) and شِيَاء (šiyāʾ) are simply listed as plurals in Wehr, which would normally imply a plural of multiplicity or variety, but specifically noted as applying to 3-10 animals (i.e. paucal) in Lane.
Declension
Declension of noun شَاء (šāʾ)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شَاء šāʾ |
الشَّاء aš-šāʾ |
شَاء šāʾ |
| Nominative | شَاءٌ šāʾun |
الشَّاءُ aš-šāʾu |
شَاءُ šāʾu |
| Accusative | شَاءً šāʾan |
الشَّاءَ aš-šāʾa |
شَاءَ šāʾa |
| Genitive | شَاءٍ šāʾin |
الشَّاءِ aš-šāʾi |
شَاءِ šāʾi |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَاة (-āh) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شَاة šāt |
الشَّاة aš-šāt |
شَاة šāt |
| Nominative | شَاةٌ šātun |
الشَّاةُ aš-šātu |
شَاةُ šātu |
| Accusative | شَاةً šātan |
الشَّاةَ aš-šāta |
شَاةَ šāta |
| Genitive | شَاةٍ šātin |
الشَّاةِ aš-šāti |
شَاةِ šāti |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | شَاتَيْن šātayn |
الشَّاتَيْن aš-šātayn |
شَاتَيْ šātay |
| Nominative | شَاتَانِ šātāni |
الشَّاتَانِ aš-šātāni |
شَاتَا šātā |
| Accusative | شَاتَيْنِ šātayni |
الشَّاتَيْنِ aš-šātayni |
شَاتَيْ šātay |
| Genitive | شَاتَيْنِ šātayni |
الشَّاتَيْنِ aš-šātayni |
شَاتَيْ šātay |
| Paucal (3-10) | basic broken paucal triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شِوَاه; شِيَاه šiwāh; šiyāh |
الشِّوَاه; الشِّيَاه aš-šiwāh; aš-šiyāh |
شِوَاه; شِيَاه šiwāh; šiyāh |
| Nominative | شِوَاهٌ; شِيَاهٌ šiwāhun; šiyāhun |
الشِّوَاهُ; الشِّيَاهُ aš-šiwāhu; aš-šiyāhu |
شِوَاهُ; شِيَاهُ šiwāhu; šiyāhu |
| Accusative | شِوَاهًا; شِيَاهًا šiwāhan; šiyāhan |
الشِّوَاهَ; الشِّيَاهَ aš-šiwāha; aš-šiyāha |
شِوَاهَ; شِيَاهَ šiwāha; šiyāha |
| Genitive | شِوَاهٍ; شِيَاهٍ šiwāhin; šiyāhin |
الشِّوَاهِ; الشِّيَاهِ aš-šiwāhi; aš-šiyāhi |
شِوَاهِ; شِيَاهِ šiwāhi; šiyāhi |
Synonyms
- ضَأْن (ḍaʾn)
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “شوه”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “شاء”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
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