خود
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian BNPŠE / 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwabya-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swá (“reflexive pronoun”), from the Proto-Indo-European *swé.[1] (compare Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀 (xᵛaδata))
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /xʷæd/
- (Dari) IPA(key): [xʊd̪]
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): [xod̪]
Pronoun
خود • (xod)
- (reflexive) oneself
- 2009, شادمهر عقیلی، تقدیر (Shadmehr Aghili, Taqdir)
- تو با خودت هم دشمنی.
- To bâ xodet ham došmani.
- You are an enemy even with yourself.
-
- 2009, شادمهر عقیلی، تقدیر (Shadmehr Aghili, Taqdir)
- (emphatic) one's own
- مادر خودت رو نمیشناسی؟
- Mâdar-e xodet ro nemi-šenâsi?
- Don’t you recognize your own mother?
-
Synonyms
- (reflexive, oneself): خویش (xiš)
Noun
خود • (xod)
Usage notes
In Modern Persian, when used as a noun, خود (xod) is often followed by a personal pronoun suffix, e.g. خودم (xodam, “my self”), خودت (xodat, “your self”), etc.
Derived terms
- خود به خود (xod be xod)
- به خودی خود (be xodi-ye xod)
- خودی (xodí)
- خودکار (xodkâr)
- خودرو (xodrow)
- خودآموز (xodâmuz)
- بیخود (bixod)
- بیخودی (bixodí)
- از خود بیخود شدن (az xod bixod šodan)
References
- ↑ Pokorny 992
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”), from Old Iranian. The Parthian word is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”), Ossetian ходӕ (xodæ, “hat”). The native inherited form of the Persian is خوی (xoy). Akin to Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), արտախոյր (artaxoyr), Georgian ხვირი (xviri), Arabic خوذة (xūḏa(t)), Iranian borrowings.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /xoːd/, [xoːd], [xoːð]
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /xuːd/, [xuːd̪]
Noun
خود • (xud) (plural خودها (xud-hâ))
Synonyms
- ترگ (targ)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “խոյր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press