ջուր

Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian ջուր (ǰur).

Pronunciation

Noun

ջուր • (ǰur)

  1. water
    ջուր խմել ― ǰur xmel ― to drink water

Declension

Derived terms

Old Armenian

Etymology

Since Müller 1892 often connected with a family of Baltic words, namely Lithuanian jū́rės, jū́rios, Old Prussian *jūrʲai, iūrin, Lithuanian jūra (“sea”), Lithuanian jáura, jáuras (“marshy place”), and derived from Proto-Indo-European *yuHr- (“water”).[1] J̌ahukyan adduces also Thracian Iuras (“name of a river”).[2] Further common comparisons with the family of Sanskrit वार् (vār, “water”), Persian باران‎ (bārān, “rain”) are rejected by Olsen.[3] The evidence for the Proto-Indo-European *y- → Old Armenian ջ- (ǰ-) development is meager, but compare ջան (ǰan), ջով (ǰov). This etymology is accepted by Meillet, Ačaṙean, Solta, J̌ahukyan, Olsen (with reservation) and Matasović.[4][5][6][7][8][3][9][10] The reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European root is supported by Mallory / Adams but they reject the appurtenance of Armenian on phonetic grounds.[11]

An alternative proposal started by the same Müller (1877) and supported by Justi connects ջուր (ǰur) with Sanskrit क्षरति (kṣarati), Avestan 𐬖𐬲𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (γžaraiti), Persian شاریدن‎ (šārīdan, “to flow, stream”), شران‎ (šorrān, “purling (as running water)”), Northern Kurdish şirik (“drain”), şurik (“waterspout”).[12][13] This is accepted by Pokorny with reservation, who reconstructs Proto-Indo-European gʷʰdyōro- for Armenian.[14] J̌ahukyan considers this etymology less likely than the above.[2]

Noun

ջուր • (ǰur)

  1. water
    անոյշ ջուր ― anoyš ǰur ― good or potable water
    ըմպելի ջուր ― əmpeli ǰur ― drinkable water
    պաղ/զով ջուր ― pał/zov ǰur ― cold or fresh water
    գաղջ ջուր ― gałǰ ǰur ― tepid water
    տաք ջուր ― takʿ ǰur ― hot water
    եռացեալ ջուր ― eṙacʿeal ǰur ― boiling water
    հանքային ջուր ― hankʿayin ǰur ― thermal water
    ծծմբային ջուր ― ccmbayin ǰur ― sulfurous water
    աղային ջուր ― ałayin ǰur ― saline water
    օրհնեալ ջուր ― ōrhneal ǰur ― holy water
    չաստուած ջրոյ ― čʿastuac ǰroy ― water-god
    ջուր մսոյ ― ǰur msoy ― broth
    գաւաթ մի ջուր ― gawatʿ mi ǰur ― a glass, of water
    դոյլ մի ջուր ― doyl mi ǰur ― a bucket or pail of water
    դոյլ մի լի ջուր ― doyl mi li ǰur ― a pailful of water
    ընդ ջուր եւ ընդ ցամաք ― ənd ǰur ew ənd cʿamakʿ ― by sea and land
    տեղատութիւն եւ մակընթացութիւն ջուրց ― tełatutʿiwn ew makəntʿacʿutʿiwn ǰurcʿ ― tide, flux and reflux, ebb and flow
    երթալ ջրոյ ― ertʿal ǰroy ― to go to fetch water
    ջուր հանել ― ǰur hanel ― to draw water
    ջուր ըմպել ― ǰur əmpel ― to drink water
    հեղուլ, թափել, առնել ջուր ― hełul, tʿapʿel, aṙnel ǰur ― to make water, to piss, to urine
    ջուր տալ ― ǰur tal ― to water, to sprinkle; to water, to give to drink to
    եռացուցանել զջուր ― eṙacʿucʿanel zǰur ― to warm, to boil water
    ջուր արկանել ձեռաց ուրուք ― ǰur arkanel jeṙacʿ urukʿ ― to pour water on a person's hands
    լաւ է ջուր հորի քան զգինի յոռի ― law ē ǰur hori kʿan zgini yoṙi ― pure water is better than bad wine
  2. (as an adjective) liquid, watery

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ Müller, Friedrich (1892), “Pahlawi und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 6, pages 267–268
  2. 1 2 J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 114, 159
  3. 1 2 Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 50
  4. ↑ Meillet, Antoine (1903) Esquisse d’une grammaire comparée de l’arménien classique (in French), Vienna: Imprimerie des PP. Mékhitharistes, page 29
  5. ↑ Meillet, Antoine (1920), “Les noms du ‘feu’ et de l’‘eau’ et la question du genre”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 21, page 251
  6. ↑ Meillet, Antoine (1922), “De quelques y initiaux devant u- en indo-européen”, in Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 23, page 76
  7. ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “ջուր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 134–136
  8. ↑ Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9) (in German), Vienna: Mechitharisten, pages 320–322
  9. ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (2017), “Armenian”, in Mate Kapović, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, page 429
  10. ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian‎ (pdf), Zagreb, page 14
  11. ↑ Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 636b
  12. ↑ Müller, Friedrich (1877), “Armeniaca V”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 88, issue 1, page 12
  13. ↑ Jaba, Auguste; Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 256a
  14. ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 487

Further reading

  • Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “ջուր”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ջուր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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