тесный
Russian
Etymology
From Old East Slavic тѣснъ (těsnŭ), from Proto-Slavic *těsnъ (“narrow”). According to Václav Machek, it is related to Ancient Greek στενός (stenós, “narrow, tight”), thus making both derive from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us (“thin”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtʲesnɨj]
Audio (file)
Adjective
те́сный • (tésnyj) (comparative (по)тесне́е or (по)тесне́й, superlative са́мый те́сный)
- tight, close, narrow
- small
- мир те́сен ― mir tésen ― it's a small world
- (short form only) too tight, too narrow (of clothing and shoes)
Declension
in the meanings "tight, close, narrow, small":
Declension of те́сный (short class c'*)
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | те́сный tésnyj |
те́сное tésnoje |
те́сная tésnaja |
те́сные tésnyje | |
| genitive | те́сного tésnovo |
те́сной tésnoj |
те́сных tésnyx | ||
| dative | те́сному tésnomu |
те́сной tésnoj |
те́сным tésnym | ||
| accusative | animate | те́сного tésnovo |
те́сное tésnoje |
те́сную tésnuju |
те́сных tésnyx |
| inanimate | те́сный tésnyj |
те́сные tésnyje | |||
| instrumental | те́сным tésnym |
те́сной, те́сною tésnoj, tésnoju |
те́сными tésnymi | ||
| prepositional | те́сном tésnom |
те́сной tésnoj |
те́сных tésnyx | ||
| short form | те́сен tésen |
те́сно tésno |
тесна́ tesná |
тесны́, те́сны tesný, tésny | |
in the meanings "too tight, too narrow":
Synonyms
- у́зкий (úzkij)
Antonyms
- просто́рный (prostórnyj)
- свобо́дный (svobódnyj)
Derived terms
Related terms
- ти́скать (tískatʹ)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “тесный”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačev O. N., Moscow: Progress
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “тесный”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 240
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