кулак

Russian

Etymology

Probably from Turkic *kulak, with the same meaning, from *kul (“hand”). Compare Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”), Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”) and Turkish kol (“arm”). The sense of “wealthy farmer” is from the expression держа́ть в кулаке (deržátʹ v kulake, “to keep in dependence”) or developed figuratively as “fist” -> “tightfisted person”.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kʊˈlak]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

кула́к • (kulák) m inan, m anim (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулако́в)

  1. fist
  2. (military) concentrated force
  3. (historical, usually pejorative) kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)
  4. (mechanical) cam

Declension

Declension of кула́к (bian masc-form velar-stem accent-b) 
singular plural
nominative кула́к
kulák		 кулаки́
kulakí
genitive кулака́
kulaká		 кулако́в
kulakóv
dative кулаку́
kulakú		 кулака́м
kulakám
accusative animate

inanimate		 кулака́
kulaká		 кулако́в
kulakóv
кула́к
kulák		 кулаки́
kulakí
instrumental кулако́м
kulakóm		 кулака́ми
kulakámi
prepositional кулаке́
kulaké		 кулака́х
kulakáx
Pre-reform declension of кула́къ (bian masc-form velar-stem accent-b) 
singular plural
nominative кула́къ
kulák		 кулаки́
kulakí
genitive кулака́
kulaká		 кулако́въ
kulakóv
dative кулаку́
kulakú		 кулака́мъ
kulakám
accusative animate

inanimate		 кулака́
kulaká		 кулако́въ
kulakóv
кула́къ
kulák		 кулаки́
kulakí
instrumental кулако́мъ
kulakóm		 кулака́ми
kulakámi
prepositional кулакѣ́
kulakě́		 кулака́хъ
kulakáx

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • кула́чный (kuláčnyj)
  • кула́чество (kuláčestvo)
  • кулачо́к (kulačók)
  • раскула́чивать (raskuláčivatʹ)
  • подкула́чник (podkuláčnik, “subkulak”)
  • раскула́чивание (raskuláčivanije, “repression against kulaks”)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Noun

кула́к • (kulák) m inan, m anim (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́)

  1. fist
  2. cog
  3. (historical, usually pejorative) kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)

Declension

fist, cog:

kulak:

Synonyms

References

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