παρέρχομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From παρά- (pará-, “by, near”) +‎ ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to come, go”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pa.rér.kʰo.mai̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /paˈrɛr.kʰo.mɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /paˈrer.xo.mɛ/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /paˈrer.xo.me/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /paˈrer.xo.me/

Verb

πᾰρέρχομαι • (parérkhomai)

to go by, beside, or past; to pass by, pass
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.357
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.429
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.62
- 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 1004
- 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 188
1. (of time) to pass
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.86
  - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 69
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 69
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1397
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 231B
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.3.2
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 310A
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.8.20
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 191
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 218A.9
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 1457A.18
to pass by, outstrip, surpass
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.345
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.230
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.291
- 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 906
- 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 277
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 129
- 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Fourth Philippic 3
- 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 187
1. to outwit, escape, elude
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.132
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 613
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.72
  - 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 695
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 7
to pass on and come to a place, arrive at
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 216
- 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 24
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, The Dream or The Cock 12
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead 12.4
1. to pass in
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.77
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.92
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 849
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1337
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1241
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 853
  - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 1137
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 108
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.5.11
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 35
2. (figuratively)
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1403B.23
to pass without heeding
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.239
- 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 231
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Pantaenetus 37
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 637
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 278E
1. to overstep, transgress
  - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Murder of Herodes 12
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Andocides 52
to pass unnoticed, escape the notice of
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Theomnestus 2 2
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 226
- 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 110
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 902
(in Attic) to come forward to speak
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.45
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 95
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.81
- 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 443
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1612
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.59
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Apology 10
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Defence against a Charge of subverting the Democracy 14

Inflection

The missing moods of the present and imperfect, as well as the future are borrowed from πάρειμι (páreimi).

Present: παρέρχομαι Subjunctive and optative from verb πάρειμι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	παρέρχομαι	παρέρχῃ, παρέρχει	παρέρχεται	παρέρχεσθον	παρέρχεσθον	παρερχόμεθᾰ	παρέρχεσθε	παρέρχονται
	subjunctive
	optative
	imperative
						middle/passive
infinitive						παρέρχεσθαι
participle	m					παρερχόμενος
	f					παρερχομένη
	n					παρερχόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: παρηρχόμην (Koine)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	παρηρχόμην	παρήρχου	παρήρχετο	παρήρχεσθον	παρηρχέσθην	παρηρχόμεθᾰ	παρήρχεσθε	παρήρχοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: παρῆλθον, παρηλθόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
aorist		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	παρῆλθον	παρῆλθες	παρῆλθε	παρήλθετον	παρηλθέτην	παρήλθομεν	παρήλθετε	παρῆλθον
	subjunctive	παρέλθω	παρέλθῃς	παρέλθῃ	παρέλθητον	παρέλθητον	παρέλθωμεν	παρέλθητε	παρέλθωσῐ(ν)
	optative	παρέλθοιμῐ	παρέλθοις	παρέλθοι	παρέλθοιτον	παρελθοίτην	παρέλθοιμεν	παρέλθοιτε	παρέλθοιεν
	imperative		παρέλθε	παρελθέτω	παρέλθετον	παρελθέτων		παρέλθετε	παρελθόντων
middle	indicative	παρηλθόμην	παρήλθου	παρήλθετο	παρήλθεσθον	παρηλθέσθην	παρηλθόμεθᾰ	παρήλθεσθε	παρήλθοντο
	subjunctive	παρέλθωμαι	παρέλθῃ	παρέλθηται	παρέλθησθον	παρέλθησθον	παρελθώμεθᾰ	παρέλθησθε	παρέλθωνται
	optative	παρελθοίμην	παρέλθοιο	παρέλθοιτο	παρέλθοισθον	παρελθοίσθην	παρελθοίμεθᾰ	παρέλθοισθε	παρέλθοιντο
	imperative		παρελθοῦ	παρελθέσθω	παρέλθεσθον	παρελθέσθων		παρέλθεσθε	παρελθέσθων
		active				middle
infinitive		παρελθεῖν				παρελθέσθαι
participle	m	παρελθών				παρελθόμενος
	f	παρελθοῦσᾰ				παρελθομένη
	n	παρελθόν				παρελθόμενον

Derived terms

παρελθόν (parelthón, participle, neuter)
παρελθών (parelthṓn, participle, masculine)

Descendants

Greek: παρέρχομαι (parérchomai, “pass, go away”)