κρέας
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
Earlier Proto-Hellenic *kréwas, from Proto-Indo-European *kréwh₂s. Cognates include Sanskrit क्रविस् (kravís), Latin cruor (Italian crudo), Proto-Slavic *kry, and Old English hrǣw (English raw).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kré.as/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkrɛ.as/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkre.as/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkre.as/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkre.as/
Noun
κρέᾰς • (kréas) n (genitive κρέως or κρέᾰτος); third declension
Inflection
κρέας was sometimes declined as stem κρέατ- and sometimes as stem κρέα-. Both are shown here. Compare the morphologically similar (but etymologically unrelated) κέρας (kéras, “horn”)
κρέατ-
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ κρέᾰς tò kréas |
τὼ κρέᾰτε tṑ kréate |
τᾰ̀ κρέᾰτᾰ tà kréata | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κρέᾰτος toû kréatos |
τοῖν κρεᾰ́τοιν toîn kreátoin |
τῶν κρεᾰ́των tôn kreátōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κρέᾰτῐ tôi kréati |
τοῖν κρεᾰ́τοιν toîn kreátoin |
τοῖς κρέᾰσῐ(ν) toîs kréasi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ κρέᾰς tò kréas |
τὼ κρέᾰτε tṑ kréate |
τᾰ̀ κρέᾰτᾰ tà kréata | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κρέᾰς kréas |
κρέᾰτε kréate |
κρέᾰτᾰ kréata | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts. | ||||||||||||
κρέα- (contracted)
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ κρέᾰς tò kréas |
τὼ κρέᾰε tṑ kréae |
τᾰ̀ κρέᾰᾰ tà kréaa | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κρέᾰος toû kréaos |
τοῖν κρεᾰ́οιν toîn kreáoin |
τῶν κρεᾰ́ων tôn kreáōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κρέᾰῐ̈ tôi kréaï |
τοῖν κρεᾰ́οιν toîn kreáoin |
τοῖς κρέᾰσῐ(ν) toîs kréasi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ κρέᾰς tò kréas |
τὼ κρέᾰε tṑ kréae |
τᾰ̀ κρέᾰᾰ tà kréaa | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κρέᾰς kréas |
κρέᾰε kréae |
κρέᾰᾰ kréaa | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. | ||||||||||||
Other forms include Homeric κρέεσσι (kréessi), κρεάεσσι (kreáessi) (dative plural); κρειῶν (kreiôn), κρεάων (kreáōn) (genitive plural); and Cretan κρίως (kríōs) (genitive singular)
References
- κρέας in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- κρέας in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κρέας in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κρέας in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- κρέας in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- κρέας in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2907 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkre̞as/
- Hyphenation: κρέ‧ας
Noun
κρέας • (kréas) n (plural κρέατα)
- meat
- πρόβειο κρέας ― próveio kréas ― mutton(literally "sheep meat")
-
Declension
Synonyms
- τσιτσί n (tsitsí, “meat”) (childish)
Related terms
- κρεατοφάγος m, f (kreatofágos, “carnivore”)
- κρεατοσφαιρίδια n, pl (kreatosfairídia, “meatballs”)
- κρεοπωλείο n (kreopoleío, “butcher's shop”)
- κρεοπώλης m (kreopólis, “butcher”)
- κρεοπώλισσα f (kreopólissa, “butcher”)
- πρόβειο κρέας n (próveio kréas, “mutton”, literally “sheep meat”)
See also
- σάρκα f (sárka, “flesh”)